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Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of new blindness in Americans ages 20–74 years, and most diabetes-related blindness is preventable. Nurses can participate in this prevention by

  • knowing the range of effects that diabetes has on the eyes;

  • assessing the patient’s glycated hemoglobin A1c (A1C) history, level of retinopathy (if any), and date of last dilated eye examination; and

  • encouraging diabetes self-management knowledge and skills to promote glycemic and blood pressure control.

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