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August 2020
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Cover: OnKandinsky’s motives; performance of chorus with an orchestra, oratorio. Credit: Krimzoya. For more information, please visit istockphoto.com.
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ISSN 0149-5992
EISSN 1935-5548
In this Issue
Perspectives in Care
The 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA* Guidelines on the Management of Blood Cholesterol in Diabetes
Diabetes Care July 2020, Vol.43, 1673-1678. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci19-0036
Commentaries
Can Long-term Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea With CPAP Improve Glycemia and Prevent Type 2 Diabetes?
Diabetes Care July 2020, Vol.43, 1681-1683. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0014
Diastolic Blood Pressure Does Not Influence Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes; or Does It?
Diabetes Care July 2020, Vol.43, 1684-1686. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0019
Diabetes and COVID-19: Tactics for Study and Management
Diabetes and COVID-19: Risks, Management, and Learnings From Other National Disasters
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce; Elizabeth Morris; Clare Goyder; Jade Kinton; James Perring; David Nunan; Kamal Mahtani; John B. Buse; Stefano Del Prato; Linong Ji; Ronan Roussel; Kamlesh Khunti
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1695-1703. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1192
Saving the Diabetic Foot During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Tale of Two Cities
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1704-1709. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1176
Early Observation and Mitigation of Challenges in Diabetes Management of COVID-19 Patients in Critical Care Units
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, e81-e82. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0944
Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19: Preliminary Findings From a Multicenter Surveillance Study in the U.S.
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, e83-e85. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1088
Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Glucose Control: Continuous Glucose Monitoring Data From People With Diabetes on Intensive Insulin Therapy
Ernesto Maddaloni; Lucia Coraggio; Silvia Pieralice; Angela Carlone; Paolo Pozzilli; Raffaella Buzzetti
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, e86-e87. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0954
Blood Glucose Control During Lockdown for COVID-19: CGM Metrics in Italian Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Brunella Capaldo; Giovanni Annuzzi; Annalisa Creanza; Clemente Giglio; Raffaele De Angelis; Roberta Lupoli; Maria Masulli; Gabriele Riccardi; Angela Albarosa Rivellese; Lutgarda Bozzetto
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, e88-e89. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1127
Clinical Care / Education / Nutrition / Psychosocial Research
A Randomized Trial Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart Compared With Insulin Aspart, Both in Combination With Insulin Degludec With or Without Metformin, in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes (ONSET 9)
Wendy S. Lane; Elena Favaro; Naveen Rathor; Hak C. Jang; Maiken I.S. Kjærsgaard; Alejandra Oviedo; Ludger Rose; Peter Senior; Giorgio Sesti; Alfonso Soto Gonzalez; Edward Franek
Diabetes Care March 2020, Vol.43, 1710-1716. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2232
Whole-Grain Processing and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1717-1723. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0263
Predicting 5- and 10-Year Mortality Risk in Older Adults With Diabetes
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1724-1731. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1870
Epidemiology / Health Services Research
Health Care Costs Associated With Macrovascular, Microvascular, and Metabolic Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Across Time: Estimates From a Population-Based Cohort of More Than 0.8 Million Individuals With Up to 15 Years of Follow-up
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1732-1740. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0072
A Patient-Level Model to Estimate Lifetime Health Outcomes of Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
An Tran-Duy; Josh Knight; Andrew J. Palmer; Dennis Petrie; Tom W.C. Lung; William H. Herman; Björn Eliasson; Ann-Marie Svensson; Philip M. Clarke
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1741-1749. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2249
The Impact of Cardiovascular Disease and Chronic Kidney Disease on Life Expectancy and Direct Medical Cost in a 10-Year Diabetes Cohort Study
Eric Yuk Fai Wan; Weng Yee Chin; Esther Yee Tak Yu; Ian Chi Kei Wong; Esther Wai Yin Chan; Shirley Xue Li; Nico Kwan Lok Cheung; Yuan Wang; Cindy Lo Kuen Lam
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1750-1758. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2137
Social Support, Social Network Size, Social Strain, Stressful Life Events, and Coronary Heart Disease in Women With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cohort Study Based on the Women’s Health Initiative
Junmei Miao Jonasson; Michael Hendryx; Aladdin H. Shadyab; Erika Kelley; Karen C. Johnson; Candyce H. Kroenke; Lorena Garcia; Sofia Lawesson; Ailiana Santosa; Shawnita Sealy-Jefferson; Xiaochen Lin; Crystal W. Cene; Simin Liu; Carolina Valdiviezo; Juhua Luo
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1759-1766. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2065
Real-World Budget Impact of the Adoption of Insulin Glargine Biosimilars in Primary Care in England (2015–2018)
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1767-1773. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2395
Defining Abdominal Obesity as a Risk Factor for Coronary Heart Disease in the U.S.: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Diana A. Chirinos; Maria M. Llabre; Ronald Goldberg; Marc Gellman; Armando Mendez; Jianwen Cai; Daniela Sotres-Alvarez; Marta Daviglus; Linda C. Gallo; Neil Schneiderman
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1774-1780. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1855
Type 2 Diabetes, Change in Depressive Symptoms Over Time, and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: Longitudinal Data of the AGES-Reykjavik Study
Sytze P. Rensma; Thomas T. van Sloten; Jennifer Ding; Sigurdur Sigurdsson; Coen D.A. Stehouwer; Vilmundur Gudnason; Lenore J. Launer
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1781-1787. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2437
The Association Between Age of Onset of Type 2 Diabetes and the Long-term Risk of End-Stage Kidney Disease: A National Registry Study
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1788-1795. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0352
Emerging Therapies: Drugs and Regimens
Enhanced Release of Glucose Into the Intraluminal Space of the Intestine Associated With Metformin Treatment as Revealed by [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose PET-MRI
Yasuko Morita; Munenobu Nogami; Kazuhiko Sakaguchi; Yuko Okada; Yushi Hirota; Kenji Sugawara; Yoshikazu Tamori; Feibi Zeng; Takamichi Murakami; Wataru Ogawa
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1796-1802. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0093
Effects of Linagliptin on Cardiovascular and Kidney Outcomes in People With Normal and Reduced Kidney Function: Secondary Analysis of the CARMELINA Randomized Trial
Vlado Perkovic; Robert Toto; Mark E. Cooper; Johannes F.E. Mann; Julio Rosenstock; Darren K. McGuire; Steven E. Kahn; Nikolaus Marx; John H. Alexander; Bernard Zinman; Egon Pfarr; Sven Schnaidt; Thomas Meinicke; Maximillian von Eynatten; Jyothis T. George; Odd Erik Johansen; Christoph Wanner; on behalf of the CARMELINA investigators
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1803-1812. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0279
Effects of Sustained Treatment With Lixisenatide on Gastric Emptying and Postprandial Glucose Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Christopher K. Rayner; Linda E. Watson; Liza K. Phillips; Kylie Lange; Michelle J. Bound; Jacqueline Grivell; Tongzhi Wu; Karen L. Jones; Michael Horowitz; Ele Ferrannini; Domenico Tricò; Silvia Frascerra; Andrea Mari; Andrea Natali
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1813-1821. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0190
Emerging Technologies: Data Systems and Devices
Glycemic Outcomes of Use of CLC Versus PLGS in Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Sue A. Brown; Roy W. Beck; Dan Raghinaru; Bruce A. Buckingham; Lori M. Laffel; R. Paul Wadwa; Yogish C. Kudva; Carol J. Levy; Jordan E. Pinsker; Eyal Dassau; Francis J. Doyle, III; Louise Ambler-Osborn; Stacey M. Anderson; Mei Mei Church; Laya Ekhlaspour; Gregory P. Forlenza; Camilla Levister; Vinaya Simha; Marc D. Breton; Craig Kollman; John W. Lum; Boris P. Kovatchev; iDCL Trial Research Group
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1822-1828. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0124
Pathophysiology / Complications
Rapid Corneal Nerve Fiber Loss: A Marker of Diabetic Neuropathy Onset and Progression
Evan J.H. Lewis; Leif E. Lovblom; Maryam Ferdousi; Elise M. Halpern; Maria Jeziorska; Daniele Pacaud; Nicola Pritchard; Cirous Dehghani; Katie Edwards; Sangeetha Srinivasan; Roni Mintz Shtein; Nathan Efron; Mitra Tavakoli; Vera Bril; Rayaz Ahmed Malik; Bruce A. Perkins
Diabetes Care March 2020, Vol.43, 1829-1835. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0951
C-Peptide Levels in Subjects Followed Longitudinally Before and After Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis in TrialNet
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1836-1842. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2288
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk
Diabetes Is Associated With Worse Long-term Outcomes in Young Adults After Myocardial Infarction: The Partners YOUNG-MI Registry
Sanjay Divakaran; Avinainder Singh; David Biery; Junjie Yang; Ersilia M. DeFilippis; Bradley L. Collins; Mattheus Ramsis; Arman Qamar; Jon Hainer; Josh Klein; Christopher P. Cannon; Donna M. Polk; Jorge Plutzky; Khurram Nasir; James L. Januzzi; Marcelo F. Di Carli; Deepak L. Bhatt; Ron Blankstein
Diabetes Care September 2019, Vol.43, 1843-1850. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0998
The Association of Lipoprotein(a) Plasma Levels With Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease and Metabolic Control Status in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes
Karin Littmann; Tigist Wodaje; Michael Alvarsson; Matteo Bottai; Mats Eriksson; Paolo Parini; Jonas Brinck
Diabetes Care December 2019, Vol.43, 1851-1858. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1398
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment, Glycemia, and Diabetes Risk in Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Comorbid Cardiovascular Disease
Kelly A. Loffler; Emma Heeley; Ruth Freed; Rosie Meng; Lia R. Bittencourt; Carolina C. Gonzaga Carvalho; Rui Chen; Michael Hlavac; Zhihong Liu; Geraldo Lorenzi-Filho; Yuanming Luo; Nigel McArdle; Sutapa Mukherjee; Hooi Shan Yap; Xilong Zhang; Lyle J. Palmer; Craig S. Anderson; R. Doug McEvoy; Luciano F. Drager; SAVE Substudy Investigators
Diabetes Care April 2020, Vol.43, 1859-1867. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2006
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular and Microvascular Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Findings From a Population-Based Cohort Study
Nicola J. Adderley; Anuradhaa Subramanian; Konstantinos Toulis; Krishna Gokhale; Thomas Taverner; Wasim Hanif; Shamil Haroon; G. Neil Thomas; Christopher Sainsbury; Abd A. Tahrani; Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar
Diabetes Care April 2020, Vol.43, 1868-1877. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2116
The Influence of Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure on the Effects of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Cardiovascular Outcomes and All-Cause Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Olesya L. Ilkun; Tom Greene; Alfred K. Cheung; Paul K. Whelton; Guo Wei; Robert E. Boucher; Walter Ambrosius; Glenn M. Chertow; Srinivasan Beddhu
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1878-1884. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2047
Resistant Hypertension and Risk of Adverse Events in Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Nationwide Prospective Study
Raija Lithovius; Valma Harjutsalo; Stefan Mutter; Daniel Gordin; Carol Forsblom; Per-Henrik Groop; on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1885-1892. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0170
Effects of an Electronic Software “Prompt” With Health Care Professional Training on Cardiovascular and Renal Complications in a Multiethnic Population With Type 2 Diabetes and Microalbuminuria (the GP-Prompt Study): Results of a Pragmatic Cluster-Randomized Trial
Andrew Willis; Winston Crasto; Laura J. Gray; Helen Dallosso; Ghazala Waheed; Melanie Davies; Sam Seidu; Kamlesh Khunti
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1893-1901. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2243
Early Life Famine Exposure, Ideal Cardiovascular Health Metrics, and Risk of Incident Diabetes: Findings From the 4C Study
Jieli Lu; Mian Li; Yu Xu; Yufang Bi; Yingfen Qin; Qiang Li; Tiange Wang; Ruying Hu; Lixin Shi; Qing Su; Min Xu; Zhiyun Zhao; Yuhong Chen; Xuefeng Yu; Li Yan; Rui Du; Chunyan Hu; Guijun Qin; Qin Wan; Gang Chen; Meng Dai; Di Zhang; Zhengnan Gao; Guixia Wang; Feixia Shen; Zuojie Luo; Li Chen; Yanan Huo; Zhen Ye; Xulei Tang; Yinfei Zhang; Chao Liu; Youmin Wang; Shengli Wu; Tao Yang; Huacong Deng; Donghui Li; Shenghan Lai; Zachary T. Bloomgarden; Lulu Chen; Jiajun Zhao; Yiming Mu; Guang Ning; Weiqing Wang; for the 4C Study Group
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1902-1909. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2325
The Probability of A1C Goal Attainment in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Integrated Delivery System: A Prediction Model
Kevin M. Pantalone; Anita D. Misra-Hebert; Todd M. Hobbs; Sheldon X. Kong; Xinge Ji; Rahul Ganguly; Alex Milinovich; Wayne Weng; Janine M. Bauman; Paul Petraro; Bartolome Burguera; Robert S. Zimmerman; Michael W. Kattan
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1910-1919. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-0968
Association of Long-term Change and Variability in Glycemia With Risk of Incident Heart Failure Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of the ACCORD Trial
Matthew W. Segar; Kershaw V. Patel; Muthiah Vaduganathan; Melissa C. Caughey; Javed Butler; Gregg C. Fonarow; Justin L. Grodin; Darren K. McGuire; Ambarish Pandey
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1920-1928. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2541
Individual and Combined Associations of Modifiable Lifestyle and Metabolic Health Status With New-Onset Diabetes and Major Cardiovascular Events: The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study
Mian Li; Yu Xu; Qin Wan; Feixia Shen; Min Xu; Zhiyun Zhao; Jieli Lu; Zhengnan Gao; Gang Chen; Tiange Wang; Yiping Xu; Jiajun Zhao; Lulu Chen; Lixin Shi; Ruying Hu; Zhen Ye; Xulei Tang; Qing Su; Guijun Qin; Guixia Wang; Zuojie Luo; Yingfen Qin; Yanan Huo; Qiang Li; Yinfei Zhang; Yuhong Chen; Chao Liu; Yiming Mu; Youmin Wang; Shengli Wu; Tao Yang; Li Chen; Xuefeng Yu; Li Yan; Huacong Deng; Guang Ning; Yufang Bi; Weiqing Wang
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1929-1936. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0256
Novel Communications in Diabetes
Natural Language Processing Improves Detection of Nonsevere Hypoglycemia in Medical Records Versus Coding Alone in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes but Does Not Improve Prediction of Severe Hypoglycemia Events: An Analysis Using the Electronic Medical Record in a Large Health System
Anita D. Misra-Hebert; Alex Milinovich; Alex Zajichek; Xinge Ji; Todd D. Hobbs; Wayne Weng; Paul Petraro; Sheldon X. Kong; Michelle Mocarski; Rahul Ganguly; Janine M. Bauman; Kevin M. Pantalone; Robert S. Zimmerman; Michael W. Kattan
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1937-1940. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1791
Acute Hyperglycemia and Spatial Working Memory in Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes
Jasna Šuput Omladič; Anka Slana Ozimič; Andrej Vovk; Dušan Šuput; Grega Repovš; Klemen Dovc; Nataša Bratina; Magdalena Avbelj Stefanija; Tadej Battelino
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1941-1944. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0171
Statin Use Is Prospectively Associated With New-Onset Diabetes After Transplantation in Renal Transplant Recipients
Diabetes Care May 2020, Vol.43, 1945-1947. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1212
Meta-analyses
Efficacy of Modern Diabetes Treatments DPP-4i, SGLT-2i, and GLP-1RA in White and Asian Patients With Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Sushrima Gan; Adem Y. Dawed; Louise A. Donnelly; Anand T.N. Nair; Colin N.A. Palmer; Viswanathan Mohan; Ewan R. Pearson
Diabetes Care July 2020, Vol.43, 1948-1957. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-2419
Newly Discovered Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Meta-analysis
Nitchakarn Laichuthai; Muhammad Abdul-Ghani; Mikhail Kosiborod; Wasita Warachit Parksook; Stephen J. Kerr; Ralph A. DeFronzo
Diabetes Care July 2020, Vol.43, 1958-1966. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0059
Time in Range for Multiple Technologies in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Diabetes Care July 2020, Vol.43, 1967-1975. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc19-1785
Erratum
Erratum. Differential Health Care Use, Diabetes-Related Complications, and Mortality Among Five Unique Classes of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Singapore: A Latent Class Analysis of 71,125 Patients. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1048–1056
Jun Jie Benjamin Seng; Yu Heng Kwan; Vivian Shu Yi Lee; Chuen Seng Tan; Sueziani Binte Zainudin; Julian Thumboo; Lian Leng Low
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, 1976. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-er08
Addenda
Issues and Events
e-Letters
Observations
Simultaneous Consideration of HbA1c and Insulin Resistance Improves Risk Assessment in White Individuals at Increased Risk for Future Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, e90-e92. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0718
Nocturnal Blood Pressure Is Associated With Cerebral Small-Vessel Disease in Type 1 Diabetes
Marika I. Eriksson; Daniel Gordin; Sara Shams; Carol Forsblom; Paula Summanen; Ron Liebkind; Turgut Tatlisumak; Jukka Putaala; Per-Henrik Groop; Juha Martola; Lena M. Thorn; on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, e96-e98. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0473
Comparison of Multiple Cut Points for Time in Range in Relation to Risk of Abnormal Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetes Care June 2020, Vol.43, e99-e101. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-0561
Comments and Responses
Response to Comment on So et al. Autoantibody Reversion: Changing Risk Categories in Multiple-Autoantibody–Positive Individuals. Diabetes Care 2020;43:913–917
Diabetes Care July 2020, Vol.43, e103-e104. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0016
Response to Comment on Mäkimattila et al. Every Fifth Individual With Type 1 Diabetes Suffers From an Additional Autoimmune Disease: A Finnish Nationwide Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:1041–1047
Sari Mäkimattila; Valma Harjutsalo; Carol Forsblom; Per-Henrik Groop; on behalf of the FinnDiane Study Group
Diabetes Care July 2020, Vol.43, e106-e107. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci20-0020