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October 2021
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Cover: Stone stair path in autumn forest, illustration painting. Credit: Grandfailure. For more information, please visit istockphoto.com.
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ISSN 0149-5992
EISSN 1935-5548
In this Issue
Commentaries
Improving Prediction of Risk for the Development of Type 1 Diabetes—Insights From Populations at High Risk
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2189-2191. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0018
A Clinical Conundrum: Intensifying Glycemic Control in the Presence of Advanced Diabetic Retinopathy
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2192-2193. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0029
Less Sitting for Preventing Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2194-2196. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0028
ADA Award Lectures
Hemoglobin A1c—Using Epidemiology to Guide Medical Practice: Kelly West Award Lecture 2020
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2197-2204. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0035
Causation Research on Diabetic Foot Complications—What I Learned From Roger Pecoraro: The 2021 Roger E. Pecoraro Award Lecture
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2205-2211. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0026
Long-term Effects of Earlier Glycemic Control
Lingering Effects of Hyperglycemia in Recently Diagnosed Diabetes During Long-term Follow-up of the DCCT/EDIC and UKPDS Cohorts: More Evidence That Early Control Matters
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2212-2215. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0030
Understanding Metabolic Memory: The Prolonged Influence of Glycemia During the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) on Future Risks of Complications During the Study of the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC)
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2216-2224. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-3097
The Beneficial Effects of Earlier Versus Later Implementation of Intensive Therapy in Type 1 Diabetes
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2225-2230. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1331
Historical HbA1c Values May Explain the Type 2 Diabetes Legacy Effect: UKPDS 88
Diabetes Care July 2021, Vol.44, 2231-2237. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2439
Clinical Care / Education/Nutrition / Psychosocial Research
Glucose Regulation Beyond HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Insulin: Real-World Evidence From the DIALECT-2 Cohort
Niala den Braber; Miriam M.R. Vollenbroek-Hutten; Kathryn M. Westerik; Stephan J.L. Bakker; Gerjan Navis; Bert-Jan F. van Beijnum; Gozewijn D. Laverman
Diabetes Care July 2021, Vol.44, 2238-2244. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2241
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Comorbidities in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes in the Pediatric Diabetes Consortium (PDC)
Fida Bacha; Peiyao Cheng; Robin L. Gal; Lindsey C. Beaulieu; Craig Kollman; Anne Adolph; Ashley H. Shoemaker; Risa Wolf; Georgeanna J. Klingensmith; William V. Tamborlane
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2245-2251. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0143
Unchanged Prevalence of Preeclampsia After Implementation of Prophylactic Aspirin for All Pregnant Women With Preexisting Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Nicoline C. Do; Marianne Vestgaard; Björg Ásbjörnsdóttir; Sidse K. Nørgaard; Lise Lotte T. Andersen; Dorte M. Jensen; Lene Ringholm; Peter Damm; Elisabeth R. Mathiesen
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2252-2259. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1182
Epidemiology / Health Services Research
An Age-Related Exponential Decline in the Risk of Multiple Islet Autoantibody Seroconversion During Childhood
Ezio Bonifacio; Andreas Weiß; Christiane Winkler; Markus Hippich; Marian J. Rewers; Jorma Toppari; Åke Lernmark; Jin-Xiong She; William A. Hagopian; Jeffrey P. Krischer; Kendra Vehik; Desmond A. Schatz; Beena Akolkar; Anette-Gabriele Ziegler; TEDDY Study Group
Diabetes Care February 2021, Vol.44, 2260-2268. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2122
Islet Autoimmunity and HLA Markers of Presymptomatic and Clinical Type 1 Diabetes: Joint Analyses of Prospective Cohort Studies in Finland, Germany, Sweden, and the U.S.
Vibha Anand; Ying Li; Bin Liu; Mohamed Ghalwash; Eileen Koski; Kenney Ng; Jessica L. Dunne; Josefine Jönsson; Christiane Winkler; Mikael Knip; Jorma Toppari; Jorma Ilonen; Michael B. Killian; Brigitte I. Frohnert; Markus Lundgren; Anette-Gabriele Ziegler; William Hagopian; Riitta Veijola; Marian Rewers; for the T1DI Study Group
Diabetes Care June 2021, Vol.44, 2269-2276. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-1836
Effects of Patient-Initiated Visits on Patient Satisfaction and Clinical Outcomes in a Type 1 Diabetes Outpatient Clinic: A 2-Year Randomized Controlled Study
Diabetes Care July 2021, Vol.44, 2277-2285. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-3083
Association of Glycemia, Lipids, and Blood Pressure With Cognitive Performance in People With Type 2 Diabetes in the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)
José A. Luchsinger; Naji Younes; Jennifer J. Manly; Joshua Barzilay; Willy Valencia; Mary E. Larkin; Corinna Falck-Ytter; Heidi Krause-Steinrauf; Rodica Pop-Busui; Hermes Florez; Elizabeth Seaquist; GRADE Research Group
Diabetes Care July 2021, Vol.44, 2286-2292. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2858
Prescribing Trends of Antidiabetes Medications in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2293-2301. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0529
Second-Line Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes Management: The Treatment/Benefit Paradox of Cardiovascular and Kidney Comorbidities
Rozalina G. McCoy; Holly K. Van Houten; Pinar Karaca-Mandic; Joseph S. Ross; Victor M. Montori; Nilay D. Shah
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2302-2311. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2977
Monogenic Diabetes in Youth With Presumed Type 2 Diabetes: Results From the Progress in Diabetes Genetics in Youth (ProDiGY) Collaboration
Jennifer N. Todd; Jeffrey W. Kleinberger; Haichen Zhang; Shylaja Srinivasan; Sherida E. Tollefsen; Lynne L. Levitsky; Lorraine E. Levitt Katz; Jeanie B. Tryggestad; Fida Bacha; Giuseppina Imperatore; Jean M. Lawrence; Catherine Pihoker; Jasmin Divers; Jason Flannick; Dana Dabelea; Jose C. Florez; Toni I. Pollin
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2312-2319. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0491
Disparities in Hemoglobin A1c Testing During the Transition to Adulthood and Association With Diabetes Outcomes in Youth-Onset Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study
Katherine A. Sauder; Jeanette M. Stafford; Shelley Ehrlich; Jean M. Lawrence; Angela D. Liese; Santica Marcovina; Amy K. Mottl; Catherine Pihoker; Sharon Saydah; Amy S. Shah; Ralph B. D’Agostino, Jr.; Dana Dabelea; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2320-2328. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2983
Time to Peak Glucose and Peak C-Peptide During the Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the Diabetes Prevention Trial and TrialNet Cohorts
Michael G. Voss; David D. Cuthbertson; Mario M. Cleves; Ping Xu; Carmella Evans-Molina; Jerry P. Palmer; Maria J. Redondo; Andrea K. Steck; Markus Lundgren; Helena Larsson; Wayne V. Moore; Mark A. Atkinson; Jay M. Sosenko; Heba M. Ismail; DPT-1 and TrialNet Study Groups
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2329-2336. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0226
Intakes of Fish and Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplements During Pregnancy and Subsequent Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in a Large Prospective Cohort Study of Norwegian Women
Jannike Øyen; Anne Lise Brantsæter; Ole Jakob Nøstbakken; Kåre I. Birkeland; Margareta Haugen; Lise Madsen; Grace M. Egeland
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2337-2345. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0447
Gestational Diabetes and Incident Heart Failure: A Cohort Study
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2346-2352. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0552
Nationwide Trends in Cardiac Risk and Mortality in Patients With Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Danish Cohort Study
Christine Gyldenkerne; Jakob S. Knudsen; Kevin K.W. Olesen; Henrik T. Sørensen; Hans E. Bøtker; Reimar W. Thomsen; Michael Maeng
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2353-2360. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0383
Emerging Therapies: Drugs and Regimens
Advancing Therapy in Suboptimally Controlled Basal Insulin–Treated Type 2 Diabetes: Clinical Outcomes With iGlarLixi Versus Premix BIAsp 30 in the SoliMix Randomized Controlled Trial
Julio Rosenstock; Rifat Emral; Leobardo Sauque-Reyna; Viswanathan Mohan; Carlos Trescolí; Saud Al Sifri; Nebojsa Lalic; Agustina Alvarez; Pascaline Picard; Mireille Bonnemaire; Nacima Demil; Rory J. McCrimmon; on behalf of the SoliMix Trial Investigators
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2361-2370. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0393
Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart Versus Insulin Aspart Using a Second-Generation Hybrid Closed-Loop System in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Trial
Melissa H. Lee; Barbora Paldus; Sara Vogrin; Dale Morrison; Dessi P. Zaharieva; Jean Lu; Hannah M. Jones; Emma Netzer; Lesley Robinson; Benyamin Grosman; Anirban Roy; Natalie Kurtz; Glenn M. Ward; Richard J. MacIsaac; Alicia J. Jenkins; David N. O’Neal
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2371-2378. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0814
Emerging Technologies: Data Systems and Devices
Advanced Closed-Loop Control System Improves Postprandial Glycemic Control Compared With a Hybrid Closed-Loop System Following Unannounced Meal
Jose Garcia-Tirado; Jenny L. Diaz; Rebeca Esquivel-Zuniga; Chaitanya L.K. Koravi; John P. Corbett; Martha Dawson; Christian Wakeman; Charlotte L. Barnett; Mary C. Oliveri; Helen Myers; Katie Krauthause; Marc D. Breton; Mark D. DeBoer
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2379-2387. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0932
Pathophysiology / Complications
Cognitive Functioning and Hippocampal Connectivity in Patients With Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes and Apolipoprotein E ε4
Eelco van Duinkerken; Richard G. IJzerman; Frederik Barkhof; Annette C. Moll; Michaela Diamant; Frank J. Snoek; Martin Klein
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2388-2396. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0483
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk
Eye Outcomes in Veteran Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) After 17 Years
Nasrin Azad; Lily Agrawal; Gideon Bahn; Nicholas V. Emanuele; Peter D. Reaven; Rodney Hayward; Domenic Reda; for the VADT Study Group
Diabetes Care June 2021, Vol.44, 2397-2402. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2882
Replacement of Sedentary Behavior by Various Daily-Life Physical Activities and Structured Exercises: Genetic Risk and Incident Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care June 2021, Vol.44, 2403-2410. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0455
Identification and Predictors for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Equivalents Among Adults With Diabetes
Yanglu Zhao; Shaista Malik; Matthew J. Budoff; Adolfo Correa; Kellan E. Ashley; Elizabeth Selvin; Karol E. Watson; Nathan D. Wong
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2411-2418. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0431
Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors and Risk of Retinal Vein Occlusion Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Propensity Score–Matched Cohort Study
Min-Kyung Lee; Bongsung Kim; Kyungdo Han; Jae-Hyuk Lee; Minhee Kim; Mee Kyoung Kim; Ki-Hyun Baek; Ki-Ho Song; Hyuk-Sang Kwon; Young-Jung Roh
Diabetes Care July 2021, Vol.44, 2419-2426. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-3133
Preintervention Clinical Determinants and Measured β-Cell Function as Predictors of Type 2 Diabetes Remission After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2427-2434. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0395
Novel Communications in Diabetes
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Predicts Episodic Memory Decline: A 10-Year Population-Based Follow-up Study
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2435-2437. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0042
Consensus Report
Consensus Report: Definition and Interpretation of Remission in Type 2 Diabetes
Matthew C. Riddle; William T. Cefalu; Philip H. Evans; Hertzel C. Gerstein; Michael A. Nauck; William K. Oh; Amy E. Rothberg; Carel W. le Roux; Francesco Rubino; Philip Schauer; Roy Taylor; Douglas Twenefour
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, 2438-2444. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dci21-0034
Clinical Images in Diabetes
Diabetic Truncal Neuropathy—Clinical and Radiological Image
Diabetes Care September 2021, Vol.44, 2445-2446. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1235
Erratum
Erratum. Associations Between Exposure to Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Utero and Daily Energy Intake, Brain Responses to Food Cues, and Adiposity in Children. Diabetes Care 2021;44:1185–1193
Shan Luo; Brendan C. Angelo; Ting Chow; John R. Monterosso; Paul M. Thompson; Anny H. Xiang; Kathleen A. Page
Diabetes Care July 2021, Vol.44, 2447. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-er10
Issues and Events
e-Letters – Observations
Renoprotective Effects of the Combination of Empagliflozin and Liraglutide Compared With Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Early-Stage Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Microvascular Outcomes after Metabolic Surgery (MOMS) Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Ricardo V. Cohen; Tarissa Beatrice Zanata Petry; Alexander Dimitri Miras; Cristina Mamédio Aboud; Brett Johnson; Tiago Mendonça dos Santos; Carel W. le Roux
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, e177-e179. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1192
Trends in Total and Out-of-pocket Payments for Insulin Among Privately Insured U.S. Adults With Diabetes From 2005 to 2018
Michael Laxy; Ping Zhang; Stephen R. Benoit; Giuseppina Imperatore; Yiling J. Cheng; Edward W. Gregg; Shuang Yang; Hui Shao
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, e180-e182. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc20-2529
Metabolic Profiles of Maori, Pacific, and European New Zealanders With Type 2 Diabetes Over 25 Years
Dahai Yu; Yamei Cai; Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu; Karen Pickering; John Baker; Richard Cutfield; Rawiri McKree Jansen; Brandon J. Orr-Walker; Gerhard Sundborn; Zhanzheng Zhao; David Simmons
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, e183-e185. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1255
An Insulin Resistance Score Improved Diabetes Risk Assessment in the Malmö Prevention Project—A Longitudinal Population-Based Study of Older Europeans
Diabetes Care August 2021, Vol.44, e186-e187. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/dc21-1328