Most people who are newly diagnosed with diabetes are assumed to have either type 1 or type 2 diabetes. There are other types of diabetes that are recognized less often. Monogenic forms of diabetes can have characteristics of either type 1 or type 2 diabetes, ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes, and secondary forms of diabetes further classified by their cause. Different diabetes classification systems have been proposed; one identified five cluster types based on observed characteristics (1), and another suggested a β-cell–centric model (2). Despite these proposed alternatives, the binary construct appeals to a simple classification method. Type 1 diabetes results from autoimmune destruction of the β-cells, leading to absolute insulin deficiency, and tends to affect younger individuals, whereas type 2 diabetes has a complex pathophysiology induced by obesity, inflammation, and insulin resistance, which leads to first relative then absolute insulin deficiency over time (3,...

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