Introduction: Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with greater risk of maternal-fetal complications. However, studies exploring the impact of race and ethnicity on pregnancy outcomes using real-world data are limited. The aim of this study was to compare differences in pregnancy outcomes by diabetes status and race/ethnicity.
Methods: ICD-10 codes were used to assess maternal and fetal outcomes between 1/1/2021 and 8/31/2023 among people who gave birth at Sutter Health - a large, integrated health system in Northern California, stratified by diabetes diagnosis and race/ethnicity.
Results: A total of 67,789 deliveries included 11,916 complicated by diabetes (2.4% with type 1, 11% with type 2, 86% with gestational diabetes). A diabetes diagnosis was associated with significantly worse outcomes including prematurity, pre-eclampsia, c-section, NICU admission, neonatal respiratory distress, macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, (all p< 0.001), small for gestational age (p=0.004), and shoulder dystocia (p=0.001). Black and American Indian/Alaskan Native women had worse outcomes compared with other race/ethnicity groups:
Table. Association of race/ethnicity with adverse maternal/fetal outcome in women with diabetes.
Conclusion: Using real-world data, the increased risk of serious maternal/fetal outcomes associated with diabetes, vary disproportionately by race/ethnicity.
F. Farrokhi: None. Y. Guo: None. A. Scott: None. R. Lane: None. D. Kerr: Advisory Panel; Abbott Diagnostics. Consultant; Sanofi, Better Therapeutics, Inc. Stock/Shareholder; Glooko, Inc.
