53-PUB: Impact of Diabetes on Perinatal Outcomes in Mexico—A MIDO Early Childhood Analysis

Understanding the impact of gestational and pregestational diabetes on perinatal outcomes is imperative given the high prevalence of type 2 diabetes and obesity in Mexico. This study delves into the effects on pregnancies and neonates in this demographic using MIDO® Early Childhood data, focusing on children under five.

We analyzed data from 5,436 children, comparing perinatal and neonatal parameters across three groups: pregnancies with no diabetes (PND), pregnancies with gestational diabetes (PGDM), and pregnancies with pregestational diabetes (PPD). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for statistical significance. To assess associations, a multinomial logistic regression model was utilized.

Vaginal eutocic deliveries were most common in PND (53.4%), but cesarean sections were more frequent in PPD (76.2%) and PGDM (54.5%). Preeclampsia was more observed in PGDM (13.7%) and PPD (15.9%), versus PND (5.8%). The occurrence of polyhydramnios was also higher in PGDM (2.8%) and PPD (1.6%) compared to PND (0.6%). Neonates weighing below 1500 kg were significantly higher in PPD (4.8%) than in PND (1.1%) and PGDM (0.4%). NICU admissions at birth were elevated in PGDM (22.2%) and PPD (6.7%) relative to PND (5.2%). Analyzing the odds ratio for preeclampsia, we found an OR of 2.59 in PGDM and 3.06 in PPD, compared to PND. The OR for NICU admissions was 5.23 for neonates from PPD pregnancies (P<0.0001).

These findings underscore substantial differences in perinatal and neonatal outcomes among the groups. Further research is vital to fully grasp the implications and costs, emphasizing the need for policy changes in prenatal and perinatal care.