Effect of Exercise and Diet on Triglyceride Metabolism in Rats with Moderate Insulin Deficiency

The ability of exercise and diet to modify the effects of moderate streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency on triglyceride metabolism has been studied in the rat. Insulin-deficient rats allowed to run spontaneously in exercise wheel cages had significantly lower (P < 0.001) plasma glucose levels (187 ± 19 mg/dl) than either sedentary (374 ± 24 mg/dl) or sucrose-fed (450 ± 13 mg/dl) diabetic rats, despite the fact that plasma insulin levels were comparable in all these groups. Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels in exercise-trained rats with diabetes (51 ± 5 mg/dl) were actually lower than in control rats with normal glucose tolerance (90 ± 14 mg/dl). In contrast, plasma TG levels were higher than control levels in diabetic sedentary rats (128 ± 11 mg/dl), and severe hypertriglyceridemia developed in sucrose-fed diabetic rats (369 ± 35 mg/dl). The ability of exercise training to attenuate diabetic hypertriglyceridemia, which was observed in both chow-fed and sucrose-fed rats, was secondary to a decrease in TG secretion, and appeared to be related to lower plasma FFA concentrations. In contrast, the accentuation of diabetic hypertriglyceridemia seen in sucrose-fed rats was related to a defect in TG catabolism. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activities were essentially identical in all diabetic rats, suggesting that the observed difference in TG kinetics could not be attributed to concomitant increases or decreases in adipose tissue LPL activity. These results emphasize the powerful impact of exercise and diet on TG metabolism in rats with moderate degrees of insulin deficiency.