Characteristics of Insulin Receptors and Insulin Action in Human Myelogenous Leukemia Cell Line K-562

Specific binding sites for insulin have been identified and characterized for the human erythroleukemia cell line K-562. The binding of [¹²⁵I]-insulin to the cells increased as a function of time, reaching a maximum at 20 min when incubation was performed at 37°C. The binding of [¹²⁵I]-insulin was dose-dependently inhibited by insulin or proinsulin. Scatchard plot of the binding data was curvilinear, and the number of insulin receptors was approximately 39,000. Insulin at concentrations of 0.05–10.0 ng/ml stimulated CO₂ production and DNA and protein synthesis in K-562 cells in a dose-dependent manner, indicating that the insulin binding sites are functionally important in mediating these biochemical events induced by insulin. Maximal insulin responses were elicited at concentrations of <5 ng/ml, when (at most) 10% of the insulin receptors were occupied. After binding to the cells, [¹²⁵I]-insulin was degraded in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. As reported for other types of cells, unlabeled insulin also downregulated insulin receptors in K-562 cells. When the cells were incubated with 1 × 10⁻⁷ M unlabeled insulin for 24 h, the number of insulin receptors decreased by 50% without a change of affinity. K-562 cells may be useful in studying the role of insulin receptors in cell functions induced by insulin.