To compare the dose-response characteristics for suppression of lipolysis and suppression of glucose production by insulin, 13 normal nonobese individuals were infused with insulin at rates of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mU · kg−1 · min−1 while normoglycemia was maintained with the glucose clamp technique. Glucose appearance and glycerol appearance (taken as index of lipolysis) were measured isotopically with simultaneous infusions of 3-[3H]glucose and U-[14C]glycerol. Baseline glucose and glycerol rates of appearance were 14 ± 0.5 and 1.7 ± 0.2 (μmol · kg−1 · min−1, respectively. Approximately 3% of plasma glucose originated from glycerol, and this accounted for ∼50% of glycerol disposal. During the insulin infusions, arterial insulin (basal, 9.8 ± 0.6 μU/ml) increased to 14 ± 0.5, 20 ± 0.5, 31 ± 1, 58 ± 2, and 104 ± 6 (μU/ml; calculated portal venous insulin (basal, 24 ± 2 μU/ml) increased to 26 ± 1, 32 ± 3, 70 ± 4, and 115 ± 6 JJLU ml. The rate of glucose appearance was suppressed 100%, whereas the rate of appearance of glycerol was maximally suppressed only 85%. Nevertheless, the insulin concentration that produced half-maximal suppression of glucose appearance was twice as great as that required for half-maximal suppression of glycerol appearance (26 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 2 μU/ml, P < .001). Insulin decreased both the absolute rate of glycerol conversion to plasma glucose and the percent of glycerol disposal appearing in plasma glucose (both P < .001). These results indicate that in normal humans the suppression of lipolysis is more sensitive to insulin than is the suppression of hepatic glucose production and that in addition to reducing glycerol availability, insulin suppresses glycerol incorporation into plasma glucose by another (presumably hepatic) mechanism.
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Original Contributions|
December 01 1986
Insulin Dose-Response Characteristics for Suppression of Glycerol Release and Conversion to Glucose in Humans
N Nurjhan;
N Nurjhan
Endocrine Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Mayo Medical School
Rochester, MN
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P J Campbell;
P J Campbell
Endocrine Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Mayo Medical School
Rochester, MN
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F P Kennedy;
F P Kennedy
Endocrine Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Mayo Medical School
Rochester, MN
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J M Miles;
J M Miles
Endocrine Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Mayo Medical School
Rochester, MN
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J E Gerich
J E Gerich
Endocrine Research Unit, Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Mayo Medical School
Rochester, MN
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Address reprint requests to Dr. John E. Gerich, Clinical Research Center, Presbyterian University Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261.
Diabetes 1986;35(12):1326–1331
Article history
Received:
March 31 1986
Revision Received:
June 18 1986
PubMed:
3533681
Citation
N Nurjhan, P J Campbell, F P Kennedy, J M Miles, J E Gerich; Insulin Dose-Response Characteristics for Suppression of Glycerol Release and Conversion to Glucose in Humans. Diabetes 1 December 1986; 35 (12): 1326–1331. https://doi.org/10.2337/diab.35.12.1326
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