Administration of Silica Particles or Anti-Lyt2 Antibody Prevents β-Cell Destruction in NOD Mice Given Cyclophosphamide

The cellular pathway of β-cell destruction in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes is still undefined. L3T4+ T-lymphocytes have a role in both the initiation of insulitis and in recurrent disease in transplanted allogeneic islets in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. The roles of macrophages and Lyt2⁺ T-lymphocytes in β-cell destruction were studied in cyclophosphamide-induced diabetic NOD mice with silica particles and a rat anti-Lyt2 monoclonal antibody. After administration of cyclophosphamide, 10 of 26 untreated mice and 1 of 21 anti-Lyt2-treated mice became diabetic. Insulitis was significantly reduced in anti-Lyt2-treated mice, and immunocytochemical staining showed a lack of Lyt2⁺ cells. Only 1 of 19 silica-treated mice became diabetic, compared to 8 of 19 control mice. This study demonstrates that both Lyt2⁺ T-lymphocytes and macrophages are necessary, but not sufficient, for β-cell destruction in NOD mice. Therefore, we propose that macrophages present β-cell antigen to L3T4⁺ cells, which induce cytotoxic Lyt2⁺ cells to specifically destroy β-cells.