Background: Glucose variability (GV) may be reflected by variation in either the short-term glucose levels (assessed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)) or the long-term by HbA1c or intermediate by 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG). In patients with T1DM management by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is usually associated with improved glycaemia compared to multiple daily insulin injections (MDI). Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) correlates with GV on CGM in adult and pediatric T1D groups. It is not known whether CSII therapy without CGM improves intermediate GV.
Methods: Blood was obtained from children (mean age 14.1 +/- 1.3 years) within 3-months of T1D diagnosis. Children were treated with CSII (n=12) or MDI (n=15) and followed for a further 1 to 3 time points (median, LQ-UQ 535, 519-563 days follow-up). GV was assessed measuring 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) (GlycoMark, Inc., Winston-Salem, NC). The mean difference, standard deviation (SD) and coefficient of variation (CV) of 1,5-AG and HbA1c was compared between treatment arms.
Results: There was no difference between treatment modalities in baseline HbA1c (median, LQ-UQ 11.8, 10.2-13.5 % (105, 87-124 mmol/mol) vs. 12.6, 10.3-14.0 % (114, 89-130 mmol/mol) CSII vs. MDI) nor baseline 1,5-AG (median, LQ-UQ 2.8, 1.8-4.0 μg/mL vs. 3.6, 2.1-12.1 μg/mL CSII vs. MDI). 1,5-AG improved more (increased) in the CSII vs. MDI group (3.1 +/- 4.1 vs. -2.2 +/- 7.0 μg/ml respectively, P=0.029). This difference persisted following adjustment for the duration of follow-up. There was no significant difference in the HbA1c improvement between the CSII and MDI groups. There was no significant difference in the SD or CV of 1,5-AG or HbA1c between groups.
Conclusions: Early use of CSII post-T1D-diagnosis in a pediatric population is associated with a higher 1,5-AG than with MDI therapy implying reduced glycaemic variability.
E.S. Scott: None. A.S. Januszewski: None. G. Fulcher: Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc. Consultant; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Janssen Research & Development, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Novo Nordisk Inc. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. T. Jones: Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Medtronic MiniMed, Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Roche Diabetes Care. E.A. Davis: None. A.J. Jenkins: Advisory Panel; Self; Abbott, Australian Diabetes Society, Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Abbott, GlySens Incorporated, Medtronic, Mylan. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk Inc.
