Background: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) have attracted attention by the recently reported improved cardiovascular (CV) outcomes in patients with T2DM. In contrast, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4i) were reported neutral on CV outcomes. However, there are few prospective studies that have compared the efficacy of SGLT2i and DPP-4i on the prevention of CV disease risks. Therefore, we planned this prospective, randomized, parallel-group trial aimed to compare the therapeutic benefits of dapagliflozin (Dapa) and sitagliptin (Sita) on CV disease risks, with special focus on HbA1c, body weight (BW), and hypoglycemia.
Methods: A total of 340 T2DM patients treated with metformin alone or with no glucose-lowering agents (20-80 years of age, HbA1c ≥ 7.1% and < 10.0%) were equally randomized to Dapa 5 mg/day or Sita 50 mg/day add-on group, and treated for 24 weeks. After the 8 weeks, if HbA1c is 7.0% or higher, Dapa and Sita were increased to 10 mg/day and 100 mg/day, respectively. The primary endpoint was the ratio of achieving composite endpoints of the following all 3 items; 1) HbA1c below 7.0%; 2) 3.0% BW loss from baseline; 3) avoidance of hypoglycemia {< 3.0 mmol/L (< 54 mg/dL)}. Hypoglycemia was monitored by flash glucose monitoring system.
Results: The achievement ratio of HbA1c below 7.0% was comparable between the groups (49.4 vs. 50.0%, p=1.00, Dapa vs. Sita, respectively). However, 3.0% BW loss was preferably achieved in Dapa group (54.4 vs. 19.6%, p<0.001). There was no significant difference regarding the avoidance of hypoglycemia between the groups (88.7 vs. 92.3%, p=0.27). Thus, the ratio of achieving composite endpoints was superior in Dapa group compared to Sita group (24.4% vs. 13.8%, p<0.05).
In summary, Dapa treatment for 24 weeks improved CV risk factors in patients with inadequately controlled T2DM. This study provides the evidence on ideal therapeutic choice for preventing CV events in T2DM.
A. Fuchigami: None. F. Shigiyama: None. T. Kitazawa: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly and Company, Kowa Pharmaceutical Europe Co. Ltd., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk Inc., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. Y. Okada: None. T. Ichijo: None. M. Higa: None. T. Hiyoshi: Other Relationship; Self; Astellas Pharma Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited. I. Inoue: None. K. Iso: Research Support; Spouse/Partner; AstraZeneca. H. Yoshii: None. T. Hirose: None. N. Kumashiro: Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited.
AstraZeneca K.K.
