We previously demonstrated that the IA2 variant (IA2var) autoantibody (AA) is associated with enhanced prediction of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in at-risk individuals but its effect on progression through preclinical T1D stages is unknown. We aimed to assess the influence of IA2var AA on rates and risks of transitions from Stage 1 (multiple AA positive, no dysglycemia) to Stage 2 (multiple AA positive, dysglycemia) and to Stage 3 (clinical T1D). Participants in the Diabetes Prevention Trial (DPT-1) with Stage 1 or Stage 2 T1D at baseline and having ≥2 glucose tolerance tests during follow-up were selected (N=175). Standard AA (GAD65, ICA, ICA512 and insulin AA) were considered as biomarkers in addition to IA2var. Data analysis used Markov transition models. The estimated 12-month probability of transition from Stage 1 to 3 (N=89) was 13.8% (95% CI: 9.7%, 18.8%) and from Stage 2 to 3 (N=86) it was 41.3% (30.6%, 52.6%). IA2var AA, sex, age and were statistically significant risk factors for the Stage 2 to 3 transition (Table 1, B). Importantly, IA2var AA (the only significantly influential AA) was associated with a reduction in the risk of transition from Stage 2 to 3. In sum, male sex, older age and positive IA2var AA significantly decreased the risk of transition from Stage 2 to Stage 3 T1D. This information has important implications for the selection of candidates for T1D prevention in clinical and research practices.

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Disclosure

C.Beam: None. S.Pietropaolo: None. M.J.Acevedo-calado: None. M.A.Herman: Research Support; Eli Lilly and Company. M.J.Redondo: None. M.Pietropaolo: None.

Funding

National Institutes of Health (2R01DK053456-19A1); Robert and Janice McNair Foundation

© 2023 by the American Diabetes Association
2023
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