1683-P: Characteristics of Lifestyle, Dietary Nutrients, and Gut Microbiota Associated with Predisease State of Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Adults

Introduction/Objective: Environmental factors such as lifestyle, diet, and associated changes in the gut microbiota are the most important determinants of obesity. Recently, we investigated the relationship among metabolic parameters, lifestyle habits, and fecal 16S rRNA seq data of Japanese healthy adults. These parameters are intricately and closely related, and we identified two microbes that can prevent metabolic syndrome (ADA 83^rd scientific sessions). In this study, we further expanded this cohort study to examine lifestyle habits, nutrient intake, and microbial species associated with visceral obesity (VO).

Methods: A total of 435 participants who underwent annual health check in 2019 were enrolled, provided data on metabolic parameters, and completed a lifestyle questionnaire including a dietary record of the previous three days. Fecal 16S rRNA seq data were obtained from 38 participants in 2022 and analyzed along with the changes in body weight from 2019.

Results: The average age, body mass index, and HbA1c were 40.5±9.7, 24.0±4.1 kg/m² and 5.5±0.37%, respectively. VO was clearly associated with metabolic parameters. There was a significant positive correlation between VO and lifestyle habits such as smoking, eating speed, irregular meal time, and frequency of fried food intake. Regarding nutrient composition, intake of resistant starch, β-carotene, maltose, and sorbitol were negatively correlated with waist circumference, while intake of caffeine and tannins were positively correlated. Furthermore, significant differences depending on weight changes were observed in the microbial species such as increased Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Prevotella stercorea in subjects who lost weight compared to those who gained weight.

Conclusion: Lifestyle, diet intake, and characteristic changes in the microbiota are associated with VO in healthy adults prior to onset of metabolic syndrome.