Introduction & Objective: Medical nutrition therapy including diabetes-specific formula (DSF) is important for diabetes management. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of consuming a DSF in comparison to two common Asian breakfasts on postprandial glucose, insulin, and satiety in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: This was a randomized, crossover study with three treatments; DSF, noodle soup (NS), and glutinous rice (GR). Blood glucose, insulin, and subjective appetite were assessed at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min. Sixty-four adults with T2D (7% ≤ HbA1c < 10%) and taking oral glucose-lowering drug were randomized and completed this study. Each continuous variable was analyzed using parametric or nonparametric (if declared non-normal) three-treatment three-period crossover analysis. All hypothesis tests were done using 2-sided, 0.05 level tests.

Results: The mean ± SD age was 54.5 ± 1.0 years, body mass index was 27.6 ± 0.5 kg/m2, and HbA1c was 7.8 ± 0.8%. Glucose positive area under the curve from 0 to 180 min (pAUC0-180) for DSF was significantly lower than GR (LSM ± SE: DSF 354 ± 32 vs. GR 451 ± 32, p = 0.033). Insulin pAUC0-180 was significantly lower with DSF compared to GR (Median [25th, 75th percentile]: DSF 2733 [1542, 4204] vs. GR 3359 [2193, 4744]), p = 0.042). There were no significant differences in glucose and insulin pAUC0-180 between DSF and NS, and between GR and NS (both p ≥ 0.216). No significant differences were found in subjective appetite between any of the three treatments (all p ≥ 0.827). The estimated time for hunger returning to baseline was the shortest for NS (165 min), which was 20 and 30 minutes earlier than DSF (186 min) and GR (197 min).

Conclusion: DSF significantly reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses compared with GR and had a higher satiating value when compared to NS.

Disclosure

S. Kong: Employee; Abbott Nutrition. D. Huynh: Employee; Abbott Nutrition. W. Srivanichakorn: Research Support; Abbott. Other Relationship; Merck & Co., Inc., AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim. W. Khovidhunkit: Advisory Panel; Amgen Inc., Novartis AG. Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk, AstraZeneca. Other Relationship; Abbott. Advisory Panel; Daiichi Sankyo. Speaker's Bureau; Meiji. S.L. Paunikar: Employee; Cognizant Technology Solutions Private Limited. M. Yalawar: Employee; Cognizant Technology Solutions India Private Limited. S. Tey: Employee; Abbott Nutrition.

© 2024 by the American Diabetes Association
2024
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