Objective: The real-world study aimed to investigate the current status of Android artificial pancreas system (APS) use among patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in China, where market-approved commercial APS is unavailable.

Methods: The healthcare providers of China’s largest online T1DM community (TTQ) helped build up AndroidAPS using a compatible insulin pump, real-time continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), and a heuristic-based algorithm. Patients with T1DM who used AndroidAPS for at least 3 months between January 2020 and July 2023 were included. The baseline data and main glycemic metrics during the last 3 months after using AndroidAPS were collected.

Results: We included 191 patients (56 non-adults and 135 adults) with a median age of 24.80 (15.83, 32.74) yrs, T1DM duration of 6.01(1.63,8.58) yrs, and body mass index (BMI) of 20.74(18.51,22.34) kg/m2. The duration of APS use was 153(114.00,206.00) days. After using AndroidAPS, HbA1c was decreased from 7.1(6.4,8.5) % to 6.3(5.6,6.8) % (p<0.001). The median 24-hour time in range (TIR,70-180mg/dL), time above range (TAR,>180mg/dL), time below range (TBR, <70mg/dL), TBR(<54mg/dL), and glucose management indicator were 81.40(71.99,87.10) %, 13.55(7.20,22.37) %, 4.06(2.63,6.28) %, 0.42(0.20,0.87) %, and 6.45(6.09,6.78) %, respectively. The median overnight TIR, TAR, TBR (<70mg/dL), and TBR(<54mg/dL) were 85.42(77.87,91.87) %, 8.00(3.45,16.52) %, 3.82(2.00,6.44) %, and 0.39(0.11,0.95) %, respectively. A total of 155 patients achieved the recommended TIR of 70%, and 66 achieved TIR, TAR, and TBR targets simultaneously. Multiple linear regression revealed age (β=0.285, p<0.01) and duration of APS use (β=-0.167, p<0.05) as determinants of 24-hour TIR after adjusting gender, duration, BMI, and baseline HbA1c (R2=0.13, p<0.01).

Conclusion: Our study confirmed the efficacy and safety of AndroidAPS on glycemic control among Chinese patients with T1DM, especially at nighttime.

Disclosure

M. Lei: None. P. Ling: None. Y. Ni: None. X. Zeng: None. D. Yang: None. H. Deng: None. X. Yang: None. W. Xu: None. J. Yan: None.

Funding

the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou (202102010154) and the Diabetes Mellitus Research Fund Program from Shanghai Medical and Health Development Foundation (DMRFP_II_14 from SHMHDF)

© 2024 by the American Diabetes Association
2024
Readers may use this article as long as the work is properly cited, the use is educational and not for profit, and the work is not altered. More information is available at http://www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license.