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Volume 50, Issue 8

1 August 2001

ISSN 0012-1797

EISSN 1939-327X

In this Issue

Rapid Publication
Metabolism and Signal Transduction
Islet Studies
Pathophysiology
Complications
Genetics
Brief Genetics Report

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Rapid Publication

Glucose Induces β-Cell Apoptosis Via Upregulation of the Fas Receptor in Human Islets

Kathrin Maedler; Giatgen A. Spinas; Roger Lehmann; Pavel Sergeev; Markus Weber; Adriano Fontana; Nurit Kaiser; Marc Y. Donath

View articletitled, Glucose Induces β-Cell Apoptosis Via Upregulation of the Fas Receptor in Human Islets

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1683-1690. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1683

Insulin Production by Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Suheir Assady; Gila Maor; Michal Amit; Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor; Karl L. Skorecki; Maty Tzukerman

View articletitled, Insulin Production by Human Embryonic Stem Cells

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1691-1697. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1691

Complete Protection of Islets Against Allorejection and Autoimmunity by a Simple Barium-Alginate Membrane

Valérie F. Duvivier-Kali; Abdulkadir Omer; Richard J. Parent; John J. O’Neil; Gordon C. Weir

View articletitled, Complete Protection of Islets Against Allorejection and Autoimmunity by a Simple Barium-Alginate Membrane

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1698-1705. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1698

Proteins Linked to a Protein Transduction Domain Efficiently Transduce Pancreatic Islets

Jennifer Embury; Dagmar Klein; Antonello Pileggi; Melina Ribeiro; Sundararajan Jayaraman; R. Damaris Molano; Christopher Fraker; Norma Kenyon; Camillo Ricordi; Luca Inverardi; Ricardo L. Pastori

View articletitled, Proteins Linked to a Protein Transduction Domain Efficiently Transduce Pancreatic Islets

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1706-1713. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1706

A Preprandial Rise in Plasma Ghrelin Levels Suggests a Role in Meal Initiation in Humans

David E. Cummings; Jonathan Q. Purnell; R. Scott Frayo; Karin Schmidova; Brent E. Wisse; David S. Weigle

View articletitled, A Preprandial Rise in Plasma Ghrelin Levels Suggests a Role in Meal Initiation in Humans

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1714-1719. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1714

Metabolism and Signal Transduction

Glucose Competence of the Hepatoportal Vein Sensor Requires the Presence of an Activated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor

Rémy Burcelin; Anabela Da Costa; Daniel Drucker; Bernard Thorens

View articletitled, Glucose Competence of the Hepatoportal Vein Sensor Requires the Presence of an Activated Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1720-1728. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1720

T-Cell Epitope Analysis on the Autoantigen Phogrin (IA-2β) in the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse

Katalin Kelemen; Dale R. Wegmann; John C. Hutton

View articletitled, T-Cell Epitope Analysis on the Autoantigen Phogrin (IA-2β) in the Nonobese Diabetic Mouse

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1729-1734. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1729

Expression of GAD65 and Islet Cell Antibody (ICA512) Autoantibodies Among Cytoplasmic ICA+ Relatives Is Associated With Eligibility for the Diabetes Prevention Trial−Type 1

Liping Yu; David D. Cuthbertson; Noel Maclaren; Richard Jackson; Jerry P. Palmer; Tihamer Orban; George S. Eisenbarth; Jeffrey P. Krischer; and the DPT-1 Participating Investigators

View articletitled, Expression of GAD65 and Islet Cell Antibody (ICA512) Autoantibodies Among Cytoplasmic ICA+ Relatives Is Associated With Eligibility for the Diabetes Prevention Trial−Type 1

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1735-1740. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1735

Cytokine Induction of Fas Gene Expression in Insulin-Producing Cells Requires the Transcription Factors NF-κB and C/EBP

Martine I. Darville; Décio L. Eizirik

View articletitled, Cytokine Induction of Fas Gene Expression in Insulin-Producing Cells Requires the Transcription Factors NF-κB and C/EBP

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1741-1748. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1741

Characterization of Preparations of GAD65, Proinsulin, and the Islet Tyrosine Phosphatase IA-2 for Use in Detection of Autoreactive T-Cells in Type 1 Diabetes: Report of Phase II of the Second International Immunology of Diabetes Society Workshop for Standardization of T-cell Assays in Type 1 Diabetes

Mark Peakman; Timothy I. Tree; Josef Endl; Peter van Endert; Mark A. Atkinson; Bart O. Roep

View articletitled, Characterization of Preparations of GAD65, Proinsulin, and the Islet Tyrosine Phosphatase IA-2 for Use in Detection of Autoreactive T-Cells in Type 1 Diabetes<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">Report of Phase II of the Second International Immunology of Diabetes Society Workshop for Standardization of T-cell Assays in Type 1 Diabetes</span>

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1749-1754. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1749

Islet Studies

Nerve Growth Factor Increases Insulin Secretion and Barium Current in Pancreatic β-Cells

T. Rosenbaum; M.C. Sánchez-Soto; M. Hiriart

View articletitled, Nerve Growth Factor Increases Insulin Secretion and Barium Current in Pancreatic β-Cells

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1755-1762. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1755

Linear Correlation Between the Total Islet Mass and the Volume-Weighted Mean Islet Volume

Maren Skau; Bente Pakkenberg; Karsten Buschard; Troels Bock

View articletitled, Linear Correlation Between the Total Islet Mass and the Volume-Weighted Mean Islet Volume

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1763-1770. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1763

Inverse Relationship Between Cytotoxicity of Free Fatty Acids in Pancreatic Islet Cells and Cellular Triglyceride Accumulation

Miriam Cnop; Jean Claude Hannaert; Anne Hoorens; Décio L. Eizirik; Daniel G. Pipeleers

View articletitled, Inverse Relationship Between Cytotoxicity of Free Fatty Acids in Pancreatic Islet Cells and Cellular Triglyceride Accumulation

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1771-1777. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1771

Acute and Short-Term Administration of a Sulfonylurea (Gliclazide) Increases Pulsatile Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes

Claus B. Juhl; Niels Pørksen; Steven M. Pincus; Åge P. Hansen; Johannes D. Veldhuis; Ole Schmitz

View articletitled, Acute and Short-Term Administration of a Sulfonylurea (Gliclazide) Increases Pulsatile Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1778-1784. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1778

Glucose Metabolism and Pulsatile Insulin Release From Isolated Islets

Johanna Westerlund; Peter Bergsten

View articletitled, Glucose Metabolism and Pulsatile Insulin Release From Isolated Islets

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1785-1790. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1785

Glycerol-Stimulated Proinsulin Biosynthesis in Isolated Pancreatic Rat Islets via Adenoviral-Induced Expression of Glycerol Kinase Is Mediated via Mitochondrial Metabolism

Robert H. Skelly; Barton Wicksteed; Peter A. Antinozzi; Christopher J. Rhodes

View articletitled, Glycerol-Stimulated Proinsulin Biosynthesis in Isolated Pancreatic Rat Islets via Adenoviral-Induced Expression of Glycerol Kinase Is Mediated via Mitochondrial Metabolism

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1791-1798. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1791

IPF1/PDX1 Deficiency and β-Cell Dysfunction in Psammomys obesus, an Animal With Type 2 Diabetes

Gil Leibowitz; Sarah Ferber; Åsa Apelqvist; Helena Edlund; David J. Gross; Erol Cerasi; Danielle Melloul; Nurit Kaiser

View articletitled, IPF1/PDX1 Deficiency and β-Cell Dysfunction in <em>Psammomys obesus,</em> an Animal With Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1799-1806. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1799

Pathophysiology

Effect of Physiological Hyperinsulinemia on Gluconeogenesis in Nondiabetic Subjects and in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Amalia Gastaldelli; Elena Toschi; Maura Pettiti; Silvia Frascerra; Alfredo Quiñones-Galvan; Anna Maria Sironi; Andrea Natali; Ele Ferrannini

View articletitled, Effect of Physiological Hyperinsulinemia on Gluconeogenesis in Nondiabetic Subjects and in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1807-1812. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1807

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes by Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of the Glucokinase Regulatory Protein

Eric D. Slosberg; Urvi J. Desai; Barbara Fanelli; Irene St. Denny; Sheila Connelly; Michael Kaleko; Brian R. Boettcher; Shari L. Caplan

View articletitled, Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes by Adenoviral-Mediated Overexpression of the Glucokinase Regulatory Protein

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1813-1820. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1813

Alteration in Phosphorylation of P20 Is Associated With Insulin Resistance

Yu Wang; Aimin Xu; Jiming Ye; Edward W. Kraegen; Cynthia A. Tse; Garth J.S. Cooper

View articletitled, Alteration in Phosphorylation of P20 Is Associated With Insulin Resistance

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1821-1827. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1821

Low Acute Insulin Secretory Responses in Adult Offspring of People With Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Jean-François Gautier; Charlton Wilson; Christian Weyer; Dave Mott; William C. Knowler; Melissa Cavaghan; Kenneth S. Polonsky; Clifton Bogardus; Richard E. Pratley

View articletitled, Low Acute Insulin Secretory Responses in Adult Offspring of People With Early Onset Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1828-1833. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1828

Insulin Secretion and Glucose Kinetics During Exercise With and Without Pharmacological α₁- and α₂-Receptor Blockade

Pauliina Aarnio; Torsten Lauritsen; Flemming Dela

View articletitled, Insulin Secretion and Glucose Kinetics During Exercise With and Without Pharmacological α<sub>1</sub>- and α<sub>2</sub>-Receptor Blockade

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1834-1843. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1834

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Feature of the Metabolic Syndrome

Giulio Marchesini; Mara Brizi; Giampaolo Bianchi; Sara Tomassetti; Elisabetta Bugianesi; Marco Lenzi; Arthur J. McCullough; Stefania Natale; Gabriele Forlani; Nazario Melchionda

View articletitled, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">A Feature of the Metabolic Syndrome</span>

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1844-1850. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1844

Glucose Regulates the Transcription of Human Genes Relevant to HDL Metabolism: Responsive Elements for Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Are Involved in the Regulation of Phospholipid Transfer Protein

An-Yue Tu; John J. Albers

View articletitled, Glucose Regulates the Transcription of Human Genes Relevant to HDL Metabolism<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">Responsive Elements for Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor Are Involved in the Regulation of Phospholipid Transfer Protein</span>

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1851-1856. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1851

Menopause in Type 1 Diabetic Women: Is it Premature?

Janice S. Dorman; Ann R. Steenkiste; Thomas P. Foley; Elsa S. Strotmeyer; James P. Burke; Lewis H. Kuller; C. Kent Kwoh

View articletitled, Menopause in Type 1 Diabetic Women<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">Is it Premature?</span>

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1857-1862. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1857

Effects of Pioglitazone on Adipose Tissue Remodeling Within the Setting of Obesity and Insulin Resistance

Christopher J. de Souza; Michele Eckhardt; Karen Gagen; Mei Dong; Wei Chen; Didier Laurent; Bryan F. Burkey

View articletitled, Effects of Pioglitazone on Adipose Tissue Remodeling Within the Setting of Obesity and Insulin Resistance

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1863-1871. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1863

Small Increases in Insulin Inhibit Hepatic Glucose Production Solely Caused by an Effect on Glycogen Metabolism

Dale S. Edgerton; Sylvain Cardin; Maya Emshwiller; Doss Neal; Visvanathan Chandramouli; William C. Schumann; Bernard R. Landau; Luciano Rossetti; Alan D. Cherrington

View articletitled, Small Increases in Insulin Inhibit Hepatic Glucose Production Solely Caused by an Effect on Glycogen Metabolism

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1872-1882. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1872

Bezafibrate Reduces mRNA Levels of Adipocyte Markers and Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation in Primary Culture of Adipocytes

Àgatha Cabrero; Marta Alegret; Rosa M. Sánchez; Tomás Adzet; Juan C. Laguna; Manuel Vázquez

View articletitled, Bezafibrate Reduces mRNA Levels of Adipocyte Markers and Increases Fatty Acid Oxidation in Primary Culture of Adipocytes

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1883-1890. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1883

Growth Hormone Induces Cellular Insulin Resistance by Uncoupling Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Its Downstream Signals in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Atsuko Takano; Tetsuro Haruta; Minoru Iwata; Isao Usui; Tatsuhito Uno; Junko Kawahara; Eiichi Ueno; Toshiyasu Sasaoka; Masashi Kobayashi

View articletitled, Growth Hormone Induces Cellular Insulin Resistance by Uncoupling Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and Its Downstream Signals in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1891-1900. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1891

Defective Insulin-Induced GLUT4 Translocation in Skeletal Muscle of High Fat–Fed Rats Is Associated With Alterations in Both Akt/Protein Kinase B and Atypical Protein Kinase C (ζ/λ) Activities

Frédéric Tremblay; Charles Lavigne; Hélène Jacques; André Marette

View articletitled, Defective Insulin-Induced GLUT4 Translocation in Skeletal Muscle of High Fat–Fed Rats Is Associated With Alterations in Both Akt/Protein Kinase B and Atypical Protein Kinase C (ζ/λ) Activities

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1901-1910. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1901

Blood-to-Brain Glucose Transport, Cerebral Glucose Metabolism, and Cerebral Blood Flow Are Not Increased After Hypoglycemia

Scott A. Segel; Carmine G. Fanelli; Carmen S. Dence; Joanne Markham; Tom O. Videen; Deanna S. Paramore; William J. Powers; Philip E. Cryer

View articletitled, Blood-to-Brain Glucose Transport, Cerebral Glucose Metabolism, and Cerebral Blood Flow Are Not Increased After Hypoglycemia

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1911-1917. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1911

Complications

Angiotensin II Promotes Glucose-Induced Activation of Cardiac Protein Kinase C Isozymes and Phosphorylation of Troponin I

Ashwani Malhotra; Barinder P.S. Kang; Simon Cheung; David Opawumi; Leonard G. Meggs

View articletitled, Angiotensin II Promotes Glucose-Induced Activation of Cardiac Protein Kinase C Isozymes and Phosphorylation of Troponin I

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1918-1926. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1918

Effect of Antioxidant Treatment of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats on Endoneurial Blood Flow, Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity, and Vascular Reactivity of Epineurial Arterioles of the Sciatic Nerve

Lawrence J. Coppey; Jill S. Gellett; Eric P. Davidson; Joyce A. Dunlap; Donald D. Lund; Mark A. Yorek

View articletitled, Effect of Antioxidant Treatment of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats on Endoneurial Blood Flow, Motor Nerve Conduction Velocity, and Vascular Reactivity of Epineurial Arterioles of the Sciatic Nerve

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1927-1937. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1927

Abnormalities of Retinal Metabolism in Diabetes and Experimental Galactosemia: VII. Effect of Long-Term Administration of Antioxidants on the Development of Retinopathy

Renu A. Kowluru; Jie Tang; Timothy S. Kern

View articletitled, Abnormalities of Retinal Metabolism in Diabetes and Experimental Galactosemia<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">VII. Effect of Long-Term Administration of Antioxidants on the Development of Retinopathy</span>

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1938-1942. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1938

Genetics

Susceptibility and Negative Epistatic Loci Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Related Phenotypes in a KK/Ta Mouse Model

Toshihide Shike; Sachiko Hirose; Michimasa Kobayashi; Kazuhiko Funabiki; Toshikazu Shirai; Yasuhiko Tomino

View articletitled, Susceptibility and Negative Epistatic Loci Contributing to Type 2 Diabetes and Related Phenotypes in a KK/Ta Mouse Model

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1943-1948. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1943

Brief Genetics Report

New Amino Acid Substitutions in the IRS-2 Gene in Finnish and Chinese Subjects With Late-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

Hua Wang; Johanna Rissanen; Raija Miettinen; Päivi Kärkkäinen; Päivi Kekäläinen; Johanna Kuusisto; Leena Mykkänen; Pauli Karhapää; Markku Laakso

View articletitled, New Amino Acid Substitutions in the <em>IRS-2</em> Gene in Finnish and Chinese Subjects With Late-Onset Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1949-1951. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1949

A Cluster of Three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the 3′-Untranslated Region of Human Glycoprotein PC-1 Gene Stabilizes PC-1 mRNA and Is Associated With Increased PC-1 Protein Content and Insulin Resistance–Related Abnormalities

Lucia Frittitta; Tonino Ercolino; Maura Bozzali; Alessandra Argiolas; Salvo Graci; Maria G. Santagati; Daniela Spampinato; Rosa Di Paola; Carmela Cisternino; Vittorio Tassi; Riccardo Vigneri; Antonio Pizzuti; Vincenzo Trischitta

View articletitled, A Cluster of Three Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the 3′-Untranslated Region of Human Glycoprotein PC-1 Gene Stabilizes PC-1 mRNA and Is Associated With Increased PC-1 Protein Content and Insulin Resistance–Related Abnormalities

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Diabetes August 2001, Vol.50, 1952-1955. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1952

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