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Volume 51, Issue 12

1 December 2002

ISSN 0012-1797

EISSN 1939-327X

In this Issue

Perspectives in Diabetes
Metabolism and Signal Transduction
Obesity Studies
Immunology and Transplantation
Islet Studies
Pathophysiology
Complications
Genetics
Brief Genetics Reports
Erratum

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Perspectives in Diabetes

The Rise of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the 20th Century

Edwin A.M. Gale

View articletitled, The Rise of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes in the 20th Century

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3353-3361. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3353

Metabolism and Signal Transduction

Identification of the Insulin-Regulated Interaction of Phosphodiesterase 3B With 14-3-3 β Protein

Hiroshi Onuma; Haruhiko Osawa; Kazuya Yamada; Takahiro Ogura; Fumiko Tanabe; Daryl K. Granner; Hideichi Makino

View articletitled, Identification of the Insulin-Regulated Interaction of Phosphodiesterase 3B With 14-3-3 β Protein

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3362-3367. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3362

Lipolysis in the Absence of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase: Evidence for a Common Mechanism Regulating Distinct Lipases

Hiroaki Okazaki; Jun-ichi Osuga; Yoshiaki Tamura; Naoya Yahagi; Sachiko Tomita; Futoshi Shionoiri; Yoko Iizuka; Ken Ohashi; Kenji Harada; Satoshi Kimura; Takanari Gotoda; Hitoshi Shimano; Nobuhiro Yamada; Shun Ishibashi

View articletitled, Lipolysis in the Absence of Hormone-Sensitive Lipase<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">Evidence for a Common Mechanism Regulating Distinct Lipases </span>

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3368-3375. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3368

Marked Heterogeneity of Human Skeletal Muscle Lipolysis at Rest

Eva Hagström-Toft; Veronica Qvisth; Inger Nennesmo; Mikael Rydén; Helene Bolinder; Staffan Enoksson; Jan Bolinder; Peter Arner

View articletitled, Marked Heterogeneity of Human Skeletal Muscle Lipolysis at Rest

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3376-3383. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3376

The Role of Insulin in Human Brain Glucose Metabolism: An ¹⁸Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study

Emma M. Bingham; David Hopkins; Diarmuid Smith; Andrew Pernet; William Hallett; Laurence Reed; Paul K. Marsden; Stephanie A. Amiel

View articletitled, The Role of Insulin in Human Brain Glucose Metabolism<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">An <sup>18</sup>Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography Study </span>

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3384-3390. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3384

Interleukin-6 Induces Cellular Insulin Resistance in Hepatocytes

Joseph J. Senn; Peter J. Klover; Irena A. Nowak; Robert A. Mooney

View articletitled, Interleukin-6 Induces Cellular Insulin Resistance in Hepatocytes

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3391-3399. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3391

Activating Transcription Factor-2 Mediates Transcriptional Regulation of Gluconeogenic Gene PEPCK by Retinoic Acid

Min Young Lee; Che-Hun Jung; Keesook Lee; Yung Hyun Choi; SunHwa Hong; JaeHun Cheong

View articletitled, Activating Transcription Factor-2 Mediates Transcriptional Regulation of Gluconeogenic Gene PEPCK by Retinoic Acid

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3400-3407. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.8.3400

Obesity Studies

Fasting Plasma Ghrelin Levels Are Negatively Correlated With Insulin Resistance and PAI-1, but Not With Leptin, in Obese Children and Adolescents

Ayako Ikezaki; Hiroshi Hosoda; Keiko Ito; Saika Iwama; Naoko Miura; Hisafumi Matsuoka; Chisato Kondo; Masayasu Kojima; Kenji Kangawa; Shigetaka Sugihara

View articletitled, Fasting Plasma Ghrelin Levels Are Negatively Correlated With Insulin Resistance and PAI-1, but Not With Leptin, in Obese Children and Adolescents

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3408-3411. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3408

The Rat Arcuate Nucleus Integrates Peripheral Signals Provided by Leptin, Insulin, and a Ghrelin Mimetic

Adrian K. Hewson; Loraine Y.C. Tung; David W. Connell; Laura Tookman; Suzanne L. Dickson

View articletitled, The Rat Arcuate Nucleus Integrates Peripheral Signals Provided by Leptin, Insulin, and a Ghrelin Mimetic

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3412-3419. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3412

Y2 Receptor Deletion Attenuates the Type 2 Diabetic Syndrome of ob/ob Mice

Amanda Sainsbury; Christoph Schwarzer; Michelle Couzens; Herbert Herzog

View articletitled, Y2 Receptor Deletion Attenuates the Type 2 Diabetic Syndrome of <em>ob/ob</em> Mice

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3420-3427. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3420

Immunology and Transplantation

Intrahepatic Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Does Not Restore Hypoglycemic Hormonal Counterregulation or Symptom Recognition After Insulin Independence

Breay W. Paty; Edmond A. Ryan; A.M. James Shapiro; Jonathan R.T. Lakey; R. Paul Robertson

View articletitled, Intrahepatic Islet Transplantation in Type 1 Diabetic Patients Does Not Restore Hypoglycemic Hormonal Counterregulation or Symptom Recognition After Insulin Independence

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3428-3434. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3428

Islet Studies

A Novel Approach to Increase Human Islet Cell Mass While Preserving β-Cell Function

Gillian M. Beattie; Anthony M.P. Montgomery; Ana D. Lopez; Ergeng Hao; Brandon Perez; Margaret L. Just; Jonathan R.T. Lakey; Marquis E. Hart; Alberto Hayek

View articletitled, A Novel Approach to Increase Human Islet Cell Mass While Preserving β-Cell Function

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3435-3439. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3435

cAMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Independent Potentiation of Insulin Secretion by cAMP Is Impaired in SUR1 Null Islets

Mitsuhiro Nakazaki; Ana Crane; Min Hu; Victor Seghers; Susanne Ullrich; Lydia Aguilar-Bryan; Joseph Bryan

View articletitled, cAMP-Activated Protein Kinase-Independent Potentiation of Insulin Secretion by cAMP Is Impaired in SUR1 Null Islets

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3440-3449. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3440

Exogenous Nitric Oxide and Endogenous Glucose-Stimulated β-Cell Nitric Oxide Augment Insulin Release

Simon R. Smukler; Lan Tang; Michael B. Wheeler; Anne Marie F. Salapatek

View articletitled, Exogenous Nitric Oxide and Endogenous Glucose-Stimulated β-Cell Nitric Oxide Augment Insulin Release

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3450-3460. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3450

Pathophysiology

Hyperglycemia Inhibits Capacitative Calcium Entry and Hypertrophy in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes

Yi Pang; Dacia L. Hunton; Pam Bounelis; Richard B. Marchase

View articletitled, Hyperglycemia Inhibits Capacitative Calcium Entry and Hypertrophy in Neonatal Cardiomyocytes

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3461-3467. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3461

The Relative Contributions of Birth Weight, Weight Change, and Current Weight to Insulin Resistance in Contemporary 5-Year-Olds: The EarlyBird Study

Terence J. Wilkin; Bradley S. Metcalf; Michael J. Murphy; Joanne Kirkby; Alison N. Jeffery; Linda D. Voss

View articletitled, The Relative Contributions of Birth Weight, Weight Change, and Current Weight to Insulin Resistance in Contemporary 5-Year-Olds<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">The EarlyBird Study </span>

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3468-3472. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3468

Combined Effects of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Insulin Resistance Associated With Reduced Fetal Growth

Delphine Jaquet; David A. Trégouët; Thierry Godefroy; Viviane Nicaud; Didi Chevenne; Laurence Tiret; Paul Czernichow; Claire Lévy-Marchal

View articletitled, Combined Effects of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Insulin Resistance Associated With Reduced Fetal Growth

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3473-3478. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3473

Rosiglitazone but Not Metformin Enhances Insulin- and Exercise-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

Kirsti Hällsten; Kirsi A. Virtanen; Fredrik Lönnqvist; Hannu Sipilä; Airi Oksanen; Tapio Viljanen; Tapani Rönnemaa; Jorma Viikari; Juhani Knuuti; Pirjo Nuutila

View articletitled, Rosiglitazone but Not Metformin Enhances Insulin- and Exercise-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake in Patients With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3479-3485. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3479

Mechanisms of the Triglyceride- and Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Fenofibrate in Hyperlipidemic Type 2 Diabetic Patients

Fabien Forcheron; Ana Cachefo; Sylvie Thevenon; Claudie Pinteur; Michel Beylot

View articletitled, Mechanisms of the Triglyceride- and Cholesterol-Lowering Effect of Fenofibrate in Hyperlipidemic Type 2 Diabetic Patients

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3486-3491. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3486

Insulin-Mediated Hemodynamic Changes Are Impaired in Muscle of Zucker Obese Rats

Michelle G. Wallis; Catherine M. Wheatley; Stephen Rattigan; Eugene J. Barrett; Andrew D.H. Clark; Michael G. Clark

View articletitled, Insulin-Mediated Hemodynamic Changes Are Impaired in Muscle of Zucker Obese Rats

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3492-3498. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3492

Complications

Early Complement Activation and Decreased Levels of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Complement Inhibitors in Human and Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

Jing Zhang; Chiara Gerhardinger; Mara Lorenzi

View articletitled, Early Complement Activation and Decreased Levels of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-Anchored Complement Inhibitors in Human and Experimental Diabetic Retinopathy

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3499-3504. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3499

Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway Prevents the High Glucose-Induced Increase in TGF-β and Fibronectin Synthesis in Mesangial Cells

Xiaodan Wang; Seán Shaw; Farhad Amiri; Douglas C. Eaton; Mario B. Marrero

View articletitled, Inhibition of the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway Prevents the High Glucose-Induced Increase in TGF-β and Fibronectin Synthesis in Mesangial Cells

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3505-3509. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3505

All-trans Retinoic Acid Improves Structure and Function of Diabetic Rat Skin in Organ Culture

James Varani; Patricia Perone; Matthew G. Merfert; Sang Eun Moon; Dennis Larkin; Martin J. Stevens

View articletitled, All-<em>trans</em> Retinoic Acid Improves Structure and Function of Diabetic Rat Skin in Organ Culture

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3510-3516. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3510

Endothelin Contributes to Basal Vascular Tone and Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

Kieren J. Mather; Bahram Mirzamohammadi; Amale Lteif; Helmut O. Steinberg; Alain D. Baron

View articletitled, Endothelin Contributes to Basal Vascular Tone and Endothelial Dysfunction in Human Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3517-3523. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3517

Lower Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals With Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Duanping Liao; Mercedes Carnethon; Gregory W. Evans; Wayne E. Cascio; Gerardo Heiss

View articletitled, Lower Heart Rate Variability Is Associated With the Development of Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals With Diabetes<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study </span>

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3524-3531. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3524

Activation of Tubular Epithelial Cells in Diabetic Nephropathy

Michael Morcos; Ahmed A.R. Sayed; Angelika Bierhaus; Benito Yard; Rüdiger Waldherr; Wolfgang Merz; Ingrid Kloeting; Erwin Schleicher; Stefani Mentz; Randa F. Abd el Baki; Hans Tritschler; Michael Kasper; Vedat Schwenger; Andreas Hamann; Klaus A. Dugi; Anne-Marie Schmidt; David Stern; Reinhard Ziegler; Hans U. Haering; Martin Andrassy; Fokko van der Woude; Peter P. Nawroth

View articletitled, Activation of Tubular Epithelial Cells in Diabetic Nephropathy

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3532-3544. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3532

Local Sympathetic Denervation in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

Cees J. Tack; Petra J. van Gurp; Courtney Holmes; David S. Goldstein

View articletitled, Local Sympathetic Denervation in Painful Diabetic Neuropathy

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3545-3553. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3545

Genetics

FOXC2 mRNA Expression and a 5′ Untranslated Region Polymorphism of the Gene Are Associated With Insulin Resistance

Martin Ridderstråle; Emma Carlsson; Mia Klannemark; Anna Cederberg; Christina Kösters; Hans Tornqvist; Heidi Storgaard; Allan Vaag; Sven Enerbäck; Leif Groop

View articletitled, <em>FOXC2</em> mRNA Expression and a 5′ Untranslated Region Polymorphism of the Gene Are Associated With Insulin Resistance

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3554-3560. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3554

Variants Within the Calpain-10 Gene on Chromosome 2q37 (NIDDM1) and Relationships to Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, and Impaired Acute Insulin Secretion Among Scandinavian Caucasians

Søren K. Rasmussen; Søren A. Urhammer; Lars Berglund; Jan N. Jensen; Lars Hansen; Søren M. Echwald; Knut Borch-Johnsen; Yukio Horikawa; Hirosato Mashima; Hans Lithell; Nancy J. Cox; Torben Hansen; Graeme I. Bell; Oluf Pedersen

View articletitled, Variants Within the Calpain-10 Gene on Chromosome 2q37 (<em>NIDDM1</em>) and Relationships to Type 2 Diabetes, Insulin Resistance, and Impaired Acute Insulin Secretion Among Scandinavian Caucasians

Supplementary data

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3561-3567. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3561

A Quantitative Trait Locus Influencing Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Maps to a Region on 5q in an Extended French Family

Lisa J. Martin; Anthony G. Comuzzie; Sophie Dupont; Nathalie Vionnet; Christian Dina; Sophie Gallina; Mouna Houari; John Blangero; Philippe Froguel

View articletitled, A Quantitative Trait Locus Influencing Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Maps to a Region on 5q in an Extended French Family

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3568-3572. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3568

Brief Genetics Reports

Sex-Related Bias and Exclusion Mapping of the Nonrecombinant Portion of Chromosome Y in Human Type 1 Diabetes in the Isolated Founder Population of Sardinia

Daniela Contu; Laura Morelli; Patrizia Zavattari; Rosanna Lampis; Efisio Angius; Paola Frongia; Daniela Murru; Mario Maioli; Paolo Francalacci; John A. Todd; Francesco Cucca

View articletitled, Sex-Related Bias and Exclusion Mapping of the Nonrecombinant Portion of Chromosome Y in Human Type 1 Diabetes in the Isolated Founder Population of Sardinia

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3573-3576. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3573

Cellular Basis of Diabetic Nephropathy: II. The Transforming Growth Factor-β System and Diabetic Nephropathy Lesions in Type 1 Diabetes

Chunmei Huang; Youngki Kim; Maria Luiza A. Caramori; Alfred J. Fish; Stephen S. Rich; Michael E. Miller; Gregory B. Russell; Michael Mauer

View articletitled, Cellular Basis of Diabetic Nephropathy<span class="subtitle-colon">: </span><span class="subtitle">II. The Transforming Growth Factor-β System and Diabetic Nephropathy Lesions in Type 1 Diabetes </span>

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3577-3581. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3577

Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Genotype Is Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Rodrig Marculescu; Georg Endler; Martin Schillinger; Nelly Iordanova; Markus Exner; Evelyn Hayden; Kurt Huber; Oswald Wagner; Christine Mannhalter

View articletitled, Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Genotype Is Associated With Coronary Atherosclerosis in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3582-3585. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3582

PPARG F388L, a Transactivation-Deficient Mutant, in Familial Partial Lipodystrophy

Robert A. Hegele; Henian Cao; Christy Frankowski; Suresh T. Mathews; Todd Leff

View articletitled, <em>PPARG</em> F388L, a Transactivation-Deficient Mutant, in Familial Partial Lipodystrophy

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3586-3590. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3586

Erratum

Errata

View articletitled, Errata

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3591. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3591

Errata

View articletitled, Errata

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Diabetes December 2002, Vol.51, 3592. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.51.12.3592

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