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Metabolism

Enhanced Fat Oxidation Through Physical Activity Is Associated With Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity

Bret H. Goodpaster; Andreas Katsiaras; David E. Kelley

Abstract

View articletitled, Enhanced Fat Oxidation Through Physical Activity Is Associated With Improvements in Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity

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Topics: fasting , glucose , insulin sensitivity , obesity , oxidation

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2191-2197. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2191

Cortisol Acts Through Central Mechanisms to Blunt Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Conscious Rats

Darleen A. Sandoval; Ling Ping; Anthony Ray Neill; Sachiko Morrey; Stephen N. Davis

Abstract

View articletitled, Cortisol Acts Through Central Mechanisms to Blunt Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Conscious Rats

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Topics: glucose , hydrocortisone , hypoglycemia , rats , infusion procedures

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2198-2204. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2198

Effect of Exercise Intensity on Skeletal Muscle AMPK Signaling in Humans

Zhi-Ping Chen; Terry J. Stephens; Sid Murthy; Benedict J. Canny; Mark Hargreaves; Lee A. Witters; Bruce E. Kemp; Glenn K. McConell

Abstracts

View articletitled, Effect of Exercise Intensity on Skeletal Muscle AMPK Signaling in Humans

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Topics: amp-activated protein kinase kinases , ampk , phosphorylation , skeletal muscles , glucose

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2205-2212. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2205

Higher Insulin Concentrations Are Required to Suppress Gluconeogenesis Than Glycogenolysis in Nondiabetic Humans

Aron Adkins; Rita Basu; Mai Persson; Betty Dicke; Pankaj Shah; Adrian Vella; W. Frederick Schwenk; Robert Rizza

Abstracts

View articletitled, Higher Insulin Concentrations Are Required to Suppress Gluconeogenesis Than Glycogenolysis in Nondiabetic Humans

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Topics: gluconeogenesis , glucose , insulin , glycogenolysis , infusion procedures

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2213-2220. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2213

Regulation and Function of the Muscle Glycogen-Targeting Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 1 (G_M) in Human Muscle Cells Depends on the COOH-Terminal Region and Glycogen Content

Carlos Lerín; Eulàlia Montell; Teresa Nolasco; Cathy Clark; Matthew J. Brady; Christopher B. Newgard; Anna M. Gómez-Foix

Abstract

View articletitled, Regulation and Function of the Muscle Glycogen-Targeting Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 1 (GM) in Human Muscle Cells Depends on the COOH-Terminal Region and Glycogen Content

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Topics: glycogen , glucose

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2221-2226. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2221

Signal Transduction

A Novel Insulin Analog With Unique Properties: Lys^B3,Glu^B29 Insulin Induces Prominent Activation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 2, but Marginal Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1

Irini Rakatzi; Stefanie Ramrath; Daniela Ledwig; Olaf Dransfeld; Thomas Bartels; Gerhard Seipke; Jürgen Eckel

Abstracts

View articletitled, A Novel Insulin Analog With Unique Properties: LysB3,GluB29 Insulin Induces Prominent Activation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 2, but Marginal Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate 1

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Topics: insulin , insulin analogs , myoblasts , phosphorylation , tyrosine

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2227-2238. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2227

Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in IRS-2-Deficient Hepatocytes

Angela M. Valverde; Deborah J. Burks; Isabel Fabregat; Tracey L. Fisher; José Carretero; Morris F. White; Manuel Benito

Abstract

View articletitled, Molecular Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in IRS-2-Deficient Hepatocytes

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Topics: 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase , hepatocytes , insulin , newborn , proto-oncogene proteins c-akt

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2239-2248. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2239

Obesity Studies

Differential Influences of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptorsγ and -α on Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis

Philip J. Larsen; Per Bo Jensen; Rikke V. Sørensen; Leif Kongskov Larsen; Niels Vrang; Erik M. Wulff; Karsten Wassermann

Abstract

View articletitled, Differential Influences of Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptorsγ and -α on Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis

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Topics: diet , eating , fenofibrate , oral glucose tolerance test , pioglitazone

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2249-2259. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2249

Hyperphagic Effects of Brainstem Ghrelin Administration

Lucy F. Faulconbridge; David E. Cummings; Joel M. Kaplan; Harvey J. Grill

Abstracts

View articletitled, Hyperphagic Effects of Brainstem Ghrelin Administration

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Topics: ghrelin , eating , brain stem

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2260-2265. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2260

Peripheral, But Not Central, Administration of Adiponectin Reduces Visceral Adiposity and Upregulates the Expression of Uncoupling Protein in Agouti Yellow (A^y/a) Obese Mice

Takayuki Masaki; Seiichi Chiba; Tohru Yasuda; Tetsuo Tsubone; Tetsuya Kakuma; Iichiro Shimomura; Tohru Funahashi; Yuji Matsuzawa; Hironobu Yoshimatsu

Abstract

View articletitled, Peripheral, But Not Central, Administration of Adiponectin Reduces Visceral Adiposity and Upregulates the Expression of Uncoupling Protein in Agouti Yellow (Ay/a) Obese Mice

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Topics: adiponectin , rna, messenger , obesity

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2266-2273. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2266

Immunology and Transplantation

Critical Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand in Type 1 Diabetes

Salah-Eddine Lamhamedi-Cherradi; Shijun Zheng; Roland M. Tisch; Youhai H. Chen

Abstract

View articletitled, Critical Roles of Tumor Necrosis Factor–Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand in Type 1 Diabetes

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Topics: apoptosis , diabetes mellitus, type 1 , inflammation , ligands , mice

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2274-2278. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2274

DcR3/TR6 Effectively Prevents Islet Primary Nonfunction After Transplantation

Yulian Wu; Bing Han; Hongyu Luo; Raphael Roduit; Theodora W. Salcedo; Paul A. Moore; Jun Zhang; Jiangping Wu

Abstracts

View articletitled, DcR3/TR6 Effectively Prevents Islet Primary Nonfunction After Transplantation

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Topics: islets of langerhans transplantation , mice , transplantation , tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 6 , insulin

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2279-2286. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2279

Immunologic Activity in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

Mia Westerholm-Ormio; Outi Vaarala; Päivi Pihkala; Jorma Ilonen; Erkki Savilahti

Abstract

View articletitled, Immunologic Activity in the Small Intestinal Mucosa of Pediatric Patients With Type 1 Diabetes

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Topics: diabetes mellitus, type 1 , human leukocyte antigens , in situ hybridization , lamina propria , mucous membrane

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2287-2295. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2287

Pancreatic-Derived Factor (FAM3B), a Novel Islet Cytokine, Induces Apoptosis of Insulin-Secreting β-Cells

Xiaopei Cao; Zhiyong Gao; Claudia E. Robert; Scott Greene; Gang Xu; Weizhen Xu; Ewan Bell; Don Campbell; Yuan Zhu; Robert Young; Matteo Trucco; James F. Markmann; Ali Naji; Bryan A. Wolf

Abstract

View articletitled, Pancreatic-Derived Factor (FAM3B), a Novel Islet Cytokine, Induces Apoptosis of Insulin-Secreting β-Cells

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Topics: annexin a5 , apoptosis , cell culture techniques , cytokine , endocrine pancreas

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2296-2303. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2296

Islet Studies

Increased β-Cell Apoptosis Prevents Adaptive Increase in β-Cell Mass in Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence for Role of Islet Amyloid Formation Rather Than Direct Action of Amyloid

Alexandra E. Butler; Juliette Janson; Walter C. Soeller; Peter C. Butler

Abstract

View articletitled, Increased β-Cell Apoptosis Prevents Adaptive Increase in β-Cell Mass in Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence for Role of Islet Amyloid Formation Rather Than Direct Action of Amyloid

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Topics: amyloid , apoptosis , diabetes mellitus, type 2 , iapp gene , mice

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2304-2314. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2304

An Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibitor Decreases Amylin Degradation, Increases Amylin-Induced Cytotoxicity, and Increases Amyloid Formation in Insulinoma Cell Cultures

Robert G. Bennett; Frederick G. Hamel; William C. Duckworth

Abstract

View articletitled, An Insulin-Degrading Enzyme Inhibitor Decreases Amylin Degradation, Increases Amylin-Induced Cytotoxicity, and Increases Amyloid Formation in Insulinoma Cell Cultures

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Topics: amyloid , bacitracin , catabolism , cell culture techniques , iapp gene

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2315-2320. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2315

Pathophysiology

The Hepatic Vagus Mediates Fat-Induced Inhibition of Diabetic Hyperphagia

Susanne E. la Fleur; Hong Ji; Sotara L. Manalo; Mark I. Friedman; Mary F. Dallman

Abstract

View articletitled, The Hepatic Vagus Mediates Fat-Induced Inhibition of Diabetic Hyperphagia

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Topics: rats , streptozocin , vagotomy , energy intake , diet, high-fat

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2321-2330. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2321

Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-α Activation Prevents Diabetes in OLETF Rats: Comparison With PPAR-γ Activation

Eun Hee Koh; Min-Seon Kim; Joong-Yeol Park; Hyun Sik Kim; Ji-Young Youn; Hye-Sun Park; Jang Hyun Youn; Ki-Up Lee

Abstract

View articletitled, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor (PPAR)-α Activation Prevents Diabetes in OLETF Rats: Comparison With PPAR-γ Activation

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Topics: fenofibrate , rosiglitazone , rats, inbred oletf , obesity , peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2331-2337. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2331

Intramuscular Heat Shock Protein 72 and Heme Oxygenase-1 mRNA Are Reduced in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence That Insulin Resistance Is Associated With a Disturbed Antioxidant Defense Mechanism

Clinton R. Bruce; Andrew L. Carey; John A. Hawley; Mark A. Febbraio

Abstract

View articletitled, Intramuscular Heat Shock Protein 72 and Heme Oxygenase-1 mRNA Are Reduced in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence That Insulin Resistance Is Associated With a Disturbed Antioxidant Defense Mechanism

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Topics: diabetes mellitus, type 2 , insulin , insulin resistance , intramuscular injections , rna, messenger

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2338-2345. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2338

The Metabolic Syndrome and Antioxidant Concentrations: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Earl S. Ford; Ali H. Mokdad; Wayne H. Giles; David W. Brown

Abstract

View articletitled, The Metabolic Syndrome and Antioxidant Concentrations: Findings From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

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Topics: antioxidants , ascorbic acid , metabolic syndrome x , national health and nutrition examination survey , retinyl esters

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2346-2352. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2346

Complications

Two Phases of Nitrergic Neuropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Selim Cellek; Neale A. Foxwell; Salvador Moncada

Abstract

View articletitled, Two Phases of Nitrergic Neuropathy in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

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Topics: cell body , insulin , nerve fibers , penis , pylorus

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2353-2362. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2353

Sensory Neurons With Activated Caspase-3 Survive Long-Term Experimental Diabetes

Chu Cheng; Douglas W. Zochodne

Abstract

View articletitled, Sensory Neurons With Activated Caspase-3 Survive Long-Term Experimental Diabetes

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Topics: apoptosis , caspase-3 , diabetes mellitus, experimental , ganglia, spinal , neurons

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2363-2371. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2363

Neurotrophin-3 Prevents the Proximal Accumulation of Neurofilament Proteins in Sensory Neurons of Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Nicola M. Sayers; Lisa J. Beswick; Alicia Middlemas; Nigel A. Calcutt; Andrew P. Mizisin; David R. Tomlinson; Paul Fernyhough

Abstract

View articletitled, Neurotrophin-3 Prevents the Proximal Accumulation of Neurofilament Proteins in Sensory Neurons of Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

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Topics: ganglia, spinal , neurons , rats , streptozocin , sural nerve

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2372-2380. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2372

S100B-RAGE-Mediated Augmentation of Angiotensin II-Induced Activation of JAK2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Dependent on PLD2

Sean S. Shaw; Ann Marie Schmidt; Amy K. Banes; Xiaodan Wang; David M. Stern; Mario B. Marrero

Abstract

View articletitled, S100B-RAGE-Mediated Augmentation of Angiotensin II-Induced Activation of JAK2 in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Is Dependent on PLD2

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Topics: angiotensin ii , s100b protein , muscle, smooth, vascular , tyrosine , rage

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2381-2388. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2381

B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Prevents Acute Hypertrophic Responses in the Diabetic Rat Heart: Importance of Cyclic GMP

Anke C. Rosenkranz; Sally G. Hood; Robyn L. Woods; Gregory J. Dusting; Rebecca H. Ritchie

Abstract

View articletitled, B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Prevents Acute Hypertrophic Responses in the Diabetic Rat Heart: Importance of Cyclic GMP

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Topics: angiotensin ii , bradykinin , brain natriuretic peptide , cyclic gmp , heart

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2389-2395. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2389

Effects of Rosuvastatin on Nitric Oxide–Dependent Function in Aorta and Corpus Cavernosum of Diabetic Mice: Relationship to Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway Inhibition and Lipid Lowering

Matthew R. Nangle; Mary A. Cotter; Norman E. Cameron

Abstract

View articletitled, Effects of Rosuvastatin on Nitric Oxide–Dependent Function in Aorta and Corpus Cavernosum of Diabetic Mice: Relationship to Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway Inhibition and Lipid Lowering

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Topics: acetylcholine , aorta , combined modality therapy , corpus cavernosum , endothelium

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2396-2402. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2396

Genetics

Clinical and Molecular Characterization of a Dominant Form of Congenital Hyperinsulinism Caused by a Mutation in the High-Affinity Sulfonylurea Receptor

Paul S. Thornton; Courtney MacMullen; Arupa Ganguly; Eduardo Ruchelli; Linda Steinkrauss; Ana Crane; Lydia Aguilar-Bryan; Charles A. Stanley

Abstract

View articletitled, Clinical and Molecular Characterization of a Dominant Form of Congenital Hyperinsulinism Caused by a Mutation in the High-Affinity Sulfonylurea Receptor

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Topics: abcc8 gene , child , congenital hyperinsulinism , diazoxide , glucose

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2403-2410. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2403

Impaired Cathepsin L Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes

Xudong Huang; Allan Vaag; Emma Carlsson; Mona Hansson; Bo Ahrén; Leif Groop

Abstract

View articletitled, Impaired Cathepsin L Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes

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Topics: cathepsins , diabetes mellitus, type 2 , gene expression , insulin , mice

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2411-2418. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2411

Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Serum Adiponectin in the Pima Indian Population

Robert S. Lindsay; Tohru Funahashi; Jonathan Krakoff; Yuji Matsuzawa; Sachiyo Tanaka; Sayuko Kobes; Peter H. Bennett; P. Antonio Tataranni; William C. Knowler; Robert L. Hanson

Abstract

View articletitled, Genome-Wide Linkage Analysis of Serum Adiponectin in the Pima Indian Population

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Topics: adiponectin , genetic linkage analysis , genome , diabetes mellitus, type 2

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2419-2425. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2419

Properties of Normal and Mutant Recombinant Human Ketohexokinases and Implications for the Pathogenesis of Essential Fructosuria

Aruna Asipu; Bruce E. Hayward; John O’Reilly; David T. Bonthron

Abstract

View articletitled, Properties of Normal and Mutant Recombinant Human Ketohexokinases and Implications for the Pathogenesis of Essential Fructosuria

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Topics: fructokinases , fructose , kinetics , mutation , protein isoforms

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2426-2432. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2426

Insights Into the Biochemical and Genetic Basis of Glucokinase Activation From Naturally Occurring Hypoglycemia Mutations

Anna L. Gloyn; Kees Noordam; Michèl A.A.P. Willemsen; Sian Ellard; Wayne W.K. Lam; Ian W. Campbell; Paula Midgley; Chyio Shiota; Carol Buettger; Mark A. Magnuson; Franz M. Matschinsky; Andrew T. Hattersley

Abstract

View articletitled, Insights Into the Biochemical and Genetic Basis of Glucokinase Activation From Naturally Occurring Hypoglycemia Mutations

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Topics: glucokinase , glucose , hypoglycemia , insulin , mutation

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2433-2440. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2433

Brief Genetics Reports

Level of an Advanced Glycated End Product Is Genetically Determined: A Study of Normal Twins

R. David G. Leslie; Huriya Beyan; Pam Sawtell; Bernard O. Boehm; Tim D. Spector; Harold Snieder

Abstract

View articletitled, Level of an Advanced Glycated End Product Is Genetically Determined: A Study of Normal Twins

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Topics: fasting blood glucose measurement , genetic aspects , genetics , hemoglobin a, glycosylated , lysine

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2441-2444. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2441

Genetic Variation of the GLUT10 Glucose Transporter (SLC2A10) and Relationships to Type 2 Diabetes and Intermediary Traits

Gitte Andersen; Christian Schack Rose; Yasmin Hassan Hamid; Thomas Drivsholm; Knut Borch-Johnsen; Torben Hansen; Oluf Pedersen

Abstracts

View articletitled, Genetic Variation of the GLUT10 Glucose Transporter (SLC2A10) and Relationships to Type 2 Diabetes and Intermediary Traits

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Topics: diabetes mellitus, type 2 , genetics , glucose , glucose transporter , insulin

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2445-2448. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2445

Erratum

Errata

Extract

View articletitled, Errata

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Topics: body mass index procedure , inflammatory bowel disease , irritable bowel syndrome , genetic linkage analysis , glycogen synthase kinase 3

Diabetes September 2003, Vol.52, 2449. doi:https://doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.52.9.2449

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