... that the reported genotypes of the two 5′ region/promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), −607 (C→A) (rs1946518) and −137 (G→C) (rs187238), were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). We therefore investigated the association of the −607 and −137 SNPs in a U.K. type 1 diabetic Caucasian case-control...

... resistance HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ISI, insulin sensitivity index LD, linkage disequilibrium MAF, minor allele frequency MCR, metabolic clearance rate OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test QFS, Quebec Family Study RFLP, restriction fragment–length polymorphism RMR, resting metabolic rate SNP...

... 21 5 2004 DIABETES 2004 FUSION, Finland-United States Investigation of NIDDM Genetics HNF, hepatocyte nuclear factor HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism TDT, transmission disequilibrium test Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-4α is an excellent type...

... P values are listed for allele or genotype frequencies ( * P <0.05; † P<0.01). IVS, intron variant sequence. HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium K_ATP channel, ATP-sensitive K⁺ channel LD, linkage disequilibrium SNP, single nucleotide...

..., Germany. E-mail: illig@gsf.de 12 7 2006 3 5 2006 DIABETES 2006 FHS, Framingham Heart Study HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium IL, interleukin IPD, individual participants’ data Recent studies have investigated the role of variants within genes encoding immune-related markers...

... for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 800717, Charlottesville, VA 22908. E-mail: msale@virginia.edu 22 6 2007 5 1 2007 DIABETES 2007 AIM, ancestry-informative marker HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism Few genetic...

...@pms.ac.uk 24 4 2006 15 2 2006 DIABETES 2006 HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium MAF, minor allele frequency SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism TNDM, transient neonatal diabetes mellitus tSNP, tag SNP Type 2 diabetes is a polygenic disorder, and progress in unraveling its...

... 2007 CCC, Cambridgeshire Case Control EPIC, European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium MAF, minor allele frequency MRC, Medical Research Council SIR, severe insulin resistant SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism The serine/threonine...

..., France. E-mail: martine.vaxillaire@pasteur-lille.fr 13 12 2005 25 5 2005 DIABETES 2006 AdipoR1, adiponectin receptor 1 AdipoR2, adiponectin receptor 2 HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium LD, linkage disequilibrium MAF, minor allele frequency SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism...

..., School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, 5 Dongdan 3 Tiao, Beijing 100005, China. E-mail: liuyingpumc@yahoo.com 21 11 2007 3 1 2007 DIABETES 2008 HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium MAF, minor allele frequency NRF1, nuclear respiratory factor 1 OHA, oral...

... control subjects, and 150 parent-offspring trios. Details of the cohorts studied are given in Table 1 . Table 2 gives genotype and allele frequencies for the E23K, exon 16, and exon 18 variants. All genotypes were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), apart from a slight deviation from equilibrium...

... ENPP1, ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 ESRD, end-stage renal disease HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium LD, linkage disequilibrium MAP, minor allele frequency SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism The ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) gene, also referred...

... factor HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium LD, linkage disequilibrium MODY, maturity-onset diabetes of the young SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism Regions defined by linkage to complex diseases typically encompass >10 cM, an area that may harbor hundreds of genes, thereby making...

... information criterion HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism Details about the cohort assembly, data collection, and laboratory measurements are presented elsewhere ( 24 ). Briefly, students in grades 5–12 were invited to participate in the Princeton School District Study...

... fatty acid HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium LD, linkage disequilibrium MAF, minor allele frequency PPAR, peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor RXR, retinoid X receptor SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism UTR, untranslated region Obesity and related abnormalities, including type 2...

... al. ( 10 ), we applied the classical χ² goodness-of-fit test for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) on the PAX4+1,168 genotype data from the Swiss and German population. We found that the +1,168 genotype frequencies showed severe departure from the expected values, both among...

... modeling FDR, false discovery rate FHS, Framingham Heart Study GEL, genotype calling algorithm using empirical likelihood GWAS, genome-wide association study HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium LD, linkage disequilibrium MAF, minor allele frequency POA, proportion of ancestry SNP, single nucleotide...

... prevalence mainly due to behavioral risk factors ( 1 ). However, it remains to be shown to what extent genetic components play a role in the pathogenesis of this major health problem. CCA, common carotid artery HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium LD, linkage disequilibrium MAF, minor allele frequency...

... design was impracticable for the Applied Biosystems 7900HT system. ‡ Tri-allelic 2 degrees of freedom (df) in HWE test and analyzed as T versus C + G in our analyses. † Genotypes did not pass our quality criteria, making a combined analysis impracticable. HWE, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium; MAF...

...-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) test according to the method described by Nielsen et al. ( 15 ). Although the genotype distributions of all the SNPs were within the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P ≥ 0.01), some of them had borderline results for HWE test (rs5219 in control, rs7480010 in case, rs8050136...