Glucose monitoring is essential for the management of type 1 diabetes and has evolved from urine glucose monitoring in the early 1900s to home blood glucose monitoring in the 1980s to continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) today. Youth with type 1 diabetes struggle to meet A1C goals; however, CGM is associated with improved A1C in these youth and is recommended as a standard of care by diabetes professional organizations. Despite their utility, expanding uptake of CGM systems has been challenging, especially in minoritized communities. The 4T (Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control) program was developed using a team-based approach to set consistent glycemic targets and equitably initiate CGM and remote patient monitoring in all youth with new-onset type 1 diabetes. In the pilot 4T study, youth in the 4T cohort had a 0.5% improvement in A1C 12 months after diabetes diagnosis compared with those in the historical cohort. The 4T program can serve as a roadmap for other multidisciplinary pediatric type 1 diabetes clinics to increase CGM adoption and improve glycemic outcomes.
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Fall 2023
From Research to Practice|
November 15 2023
Roadmap to Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption and Improved Outcomes in Endocrinology: The 4T (Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control) Program
Priya Prahalad;
Priya Prahalad
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
2Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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David M. Maahs
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
2Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
3Department of Health Research and Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA
Corresponding author: David M. Maahs, dmaahs@stanford.edu
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Corresponding author: David M. Maahs, dmaahs@stanford.edu
Citation
Priya Prahalad, David M. Maahs; Roadmap to Continuous Glucose Monitoring Adoption and Improved Outcomes in Endocrinology: The 4T (Teamwork, Targets, Technology, and Tight Control) Program. Diabetes Spectr 1 November 2023; 36 (4): 299–305. https://doi.org/10.2337/dsi23-0003
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