Demographic characteristics of the study population
| Variable . | Lean . | Overweight . | Obese . |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 20 | 25 | 20 |
| Age (years) | 56 ± 3 | 57 ± 4 | 58 ± 4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 1.4 | 27.3 ± 1.4* | 35.2 ± 3.9*† |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 72 ± 18 | 88 ± 10* | 102 ± 10*† |
| Body fat (%) | 29 ± 3 | 34 ± 3* | 41 ± 4*† |
| ABPMsystolic daytime (mmHg) | 118 ± 9 | 128 ± 14 | 136 ± 15* |
| ABPMdiastolic daytime (mmHg) | 74 ± 6 | 80 ± 8 | 82 ± 8* |
| Mean daily heart rate (min−1) | 74 ± 5 | 81 ± 8* | 82 ± 8* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 5.5 ± 0.7 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.8 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.6 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.5* |
| Insulin (mU/l) | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 6.6 ± 3.3*† |
| HOMA index | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.9*† |
| Variable . | Lean . | Overweight . | Obese . |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 20 | 25 | 20 |
| Age (years) | 56 ± 3 | 57 ± 4 | 58 ± 4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.1 ± 1.4 | 27.3 ± 1.4* | 35.2 ± 3.9*† |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 72 ± 18 | 88 ± 10* | 102 ± 10*† |
| Body fat (%) | 29 ± 3 | 34 ± 3* | 41 ± 4*† |
| ABPMsystolic daytime (mmHg) | 118 ± 9 | 128 ± 14 | 136 ± 15* |
| ABPMdiastolic daytime (mmHg) | 74 ± 6 | 80 ± 8 | 82 ± 8* |
| Mean daily heart rate (min−1) | 74 ± 5 | 81 ± 8* | 82 ± 8* |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 5.4 ± 1.1 | 5.5 ± 0.7 | 5.5 ± 0.7 |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.5 ± 0.4 | 1.4 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.3 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 3.5 ± 1.0 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 0.8 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.6 |
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.9 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.5* |
| Insulin (mU/l) | 3.0 ± 1.8 | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 6.6 ± 3.3*† |
| HOMA index | 0.7 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 1.6 ± 0.9*† |
All data were normally distributed and are presented as mean ± SD. ABPM, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure measurement. Group comparison by ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple t test.
P < 0.05 vs. lean group;
P < 0.05 vs. overweight group.