American Diabetes Association

TABLE 2

Fatty acid induction of necrosis and apoptosis in β-cells

	Exposure time (mmol/l)	Cytotoxicity
		2 days		8 days
		Necrosis	Apoptosis	Necrosis	Apoptosis
Oleate	0.125	<5	<5	<5	7 ± 2
	0.250	<5	<5	10 ± 2^*	11 ± 2^†
	0.500	9 ± 2^*	<5	14 ± 2^†	25 ± 4^†
Palmitate	0.125	<5	<5	7 ± 2^‡	<5
	0.250	9 ± 2^*	<5	9 ± 2^‡	7 ± 2
	0.500	33 ± 5^†	7 ± 2^*	33 ± 5^†	26 ± 3^†
Bromopalmitate	0.125	<5	12 ± 2^†	<5	52 ± 4^†
	0.250	<5	20 ± 3^*	<5	66 ± 3^†
	0.500	35 ± 5^*	27 ± 4^*	52 ± 6^†	24 ± 4^*

	Exposure time (mmol/l)	Cytotoxicity
		2 days		8 days
		Necrosis	Apoptosis	Necrosis	Apoptosis
Oleate	0.125	<5	<5	<5	7 ± 2
	0.250	<5	<5	10 ± 2^*	11 ± 2^†
	0.500	9 ± 2^*	<5	14 ± 2^†	25 ± 4^†
Palmitate	0.125	<5	<5	7 ± 2^‡	<5
	0.250	9 ± 2^*	<5	9 ± 2^‡	7 ± 2
	0.500	33 ± 5^†	7 ± 2^*	33 ± 5^†	26 ± 3^†
Bromopalmitate	0.125	<5	12 ± 2^†	<5	52 ± 4^†
	0.250	<5	20 ± 3^*	<5	66 ± 3^†
	0.500	35 ± 5^*	27 ± 4^*	52 ± 6^†	24 ± 4^*

Data are means ± SE for n experiments. Apoptosis and necrosis index for FFAs after 2 (n = 5–8) and 8 (n = 5–13) days of culture of β-cells in Ham’s F10 medium with 6 mmol/l glucose and 1% bovine serum albumin. Statistical significance (FFA conditions vs. control) was calculated by analysis of variance, followed by paired t test with the Bonferroni correction.

P < 0.01;

†

P < 0.001;

‡

P < 0.05.

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