American Diabetes Association

TABLE 3

FFA-induced apoptosis and necrosis in islet non–β-cells

	Exposure time (mmol/l)	Cytotoxicity
		2 days		8 days
		Necrosis	Apoptosis	Necrosis	Apoptosis
Oleate	0.125	<5	5 ± 1^*	<5	24 ± 3^*
	0.250	<5	8 ± 2^†	<5	31 ± 5^*
	0.500	<5	10 ± 3^†	<5	27 ± 4^*
Palmitate	0.125	<5	<5	<5	6 ± 4
	0.250	<5	<5	<5	17 ± 5
	0.500	5 ± 3	12 ± 2^*	5 ± 2	35 ± 7^*
Bromopalmitate	0.125	<5	10 ± 5	<5	51 ± 5^‡
	0.250	<5	13 ± 4^†	<5	56 ± 6^‡
	0.500	6 ± 3	22 ± 4^*	14 ± 5	39 ± 8^*

	Exposure time (mmol/l)	Cytotoxicity
		2 days		8 days
		Necrosis	Apoptosis	Necrosis	Apoptosis
Oleate	0.125	<5	5 ± 1^*	<5	24 ± 3^*
	0.250	<5	8 ± 2^†	<5	31 ± 5^*
	0.500	<5	10 ± 3^†	<5	27 ± 4^*
Palmitate	0.125	<5	<5	<5	6 ± 4
	0.250	<5	<5	<5	17 ± 5
	0.500	5 ± 3	12 ± 2^*	5 ± 2	35 ± 7^*
Bromopalmitate	0.125	<5	10 ± 5	<5	51 ± 5^‡
	0.250	<5	13 ± 4^†	<5	56 ± 6^‡
	0.500	6 ± 3	22 ± 4^*	14 ± 5	39 ± 8^*

Data are means ± SE for five experiments. Apoptosis and necrosis indexes after a 2- and 8-day FFA exposure of single non–β-cells in culture medium containing 6 mmol/l glucose, 1% bovine serum albumin, and 0.5 μg/ml growth hormone are shown. Statistical significance (FFA conditions vs. control) was calculated by analysis of variance A, followed by paired t test with the Bonferroni correction.

P < 0.01;

†

P < 0.05;

‡

P < 0.001.

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