TABLE 1

Insulin release: characteristics of initiation, TDI, and TDP functions

FeatureInitiation of releaseTDITDP
Glucose threshold Low Low High 
Onset time Very short Short Long 
Duration (t1/2) Short Very long (>80 min) Long (20–80 min) 
Induced by nutrient secretagogues Yes Yes Yes 
Induced by nonnutrient secretagogues Yes Yes No 
Experimental system Isolated islets, perfused pancreas, humans Perfused pancreas, humans Isolated islets, perfused pancreas, humans 
In IGT Low Not tested Present 
In type 2 diabetes Very low/absent Not tested Present in early diabetes 
FeatureInitiation of releaseTDITDP
Glucose threshold Low Low High 
Onset time Very short Short Long 
Duration (t1/2) Short Very long (>80 min) Long (20–80 min) 
Induced by nutrient secretagogues Yes Yes Yes 
Induced by nonnutrient secretagogues Yes Yes No 
Experimental system Isolated islets, perfused pancreas, humans Perfused pancreas, humans Isolated islets, perfused pancreas, humans 
In IGT Low Not tested Present 
In type 2 diabetes Very low/absent Not tested Present in early diabetes 
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