TABLE 1
Features of celiac disease and type 1 diabetes
| Characteristic | Celiac disease | Type 1 diabetes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetics | HLA DQ2 (>85%) |  | Account for ∼50% | HLA DQ8 | | (>90%) | | Account for ∼50% | ||||||
| (HLA DQ8) | HLA DQ2 | |||||||||||||
| Non-HLA genes, account for ∼50% | Non-HLA genes, account for ∼50% | |||||||||||||
| Trigger of target cell damage | Infection? | Infection? | ||||||||||||
| Driving antigen | Gluten | Dietary? | ||||||||||||
| Autoantibodies | Reticulin antibodies, endomysial antibodies, tissue transglutaminase antibodies | Insulin autoantibodies, GAD and IA-2 antibodies | ||||||||||||
| Outcome | 1 of 15–20 with HLA-conferred susceptibility progresses to clinical disease | 1 of 15–20 with HLA-conferred susceptibility progresses to clinical disease | ||||||||||||
| Characteristic | Celiac disease | Type 1 diabetes | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genetics | HLA DQ2 (>85%) | | Account for ∼50% | HLA DQ8 | | (>90%) | | Account for ∼50% | ||||||
| (HLA DQ8) | HLA DQ2 | |||||||||||||
| Non-HLA genes, account for ∼50% | Non-HLA genes, account for ∼50% | |||||||||||||
| Trigger of target cell damage | Infection? | Infection? | ||||||||||||
| Driving antigen | Gluten | Dietary? | ||||||||||||
| Autoantibodies | Reticulin antibodies, endomysial antibodies, tissue transglutaminase antibodies | Insulin autoantibodies, GAD and IA-2 antibodies | ||||||||||||
| Outcome | 1 of 15–20 with HLA-conferred susceptibility progresses to clinical disease | 1 of 15–20 with HLA-conferred susceptibility progresses to clinical disease | ||||||||||||