Clinical characteristics of examined members of the 63 families according to diabetes status
| Characteristics at examination . | Diabetes . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | Present* . | Absent . | |
| n | 406 | 428 | |
| Men (%) | 43 | 45 | |
| Age (years) | 57 ± 16 | 46 ± 17 | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 11 ± 11 | — | |
| Treatment with insulin (%) | 39 | — | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30 ± 7 | 28 ± 5 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137 ± 20 | 121 ± 20 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 ± 11 | 75 ± 11 | |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 44 | 13 | |
| Treatment with ACE inhibitors (%) | 13 | 3 | |
| Urinary ACR (25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles)† | 6, 14, 54 | 4, 6, 9 | |
| ESRD (%) | 2.6 | — | |
| CC-GFR (ml/min)‡§ | 104 ± 35 | 120 ± 24 | |
| CG-GFR (ml/min)‡‖ | 87 ± 37 | 101 ± 30 | |
| MDRD-GFR (ml/min)‡¶ | 80 ± 29 | 90 ± 25 | |
| Characteristics at examination . | Diabetes . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|
| . | Present* . | Absent . | |
| n | 406 | 428 | |
| Men (%) | 43 | 45 | |
| Age (years) | 57 ± 16 | 46 ± 17 | |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 11 ± 11 | — | |
| Treatment with insulin (%) | 39 | — | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30 ± 7 | 28 ± 5 | |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 137 ± 20 | 121 ± 20 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 ± 11 | 75 ± 11 | |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 44 | 13 | |
| Treatment with ACE inhibitors (%) | 13 | 3 | |
| Urinary ACR (25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles)† | 6, 14, 54 | 4, 6, 9 | |
| ESRD (%) | 2.6 | — | |
| CC-GFR (ml/min)‡§ | 104 ± 35 | 120 ± 24 | |
| CG-GFR (ml/min)‡‖ | 87 ± 37 | 101 ± 30 | |
| MDRD-GFR (ml/min)‡¶ | 80 ± 29 | 90 ± 25 | |
Data are means ± SD or percentage, unless otherwise indicated.
This group includes 44 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance and 7 individuals with gestational diabetes. For all these individuals, duration of diabetes was assumed 0 years.
Values of ACR were expressed as urinary ACR (micrograms for albumin per milligrams for creatinine). In the analysis we used logACR (log10 transformed and multiplied by 10).
ESRD patients were assigned GFR = 10 ml/min.
CC-GFR: GFR estimated from serum cystatin C levels by formula 100/serum cystatin C (for validation see 13).
CG-GFR: GFR estimated from serum creatinine levels by formula provided by Cockcroft and Gault (11).
MDRD-GFR: GFR estimated from serum creatinine levels by the MDRD formula (12).