Characteristics of participants according to categories of A1C
| . | Categories of A1C (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5–4.9 . | 5.0–5.4 . | 5.5–5.9 . | 6.0–6.4 . | |
| n | 1,012 | 5,263 | 3,883 | 899 |
| Age (years) | 55.4 ± 5.5 | 56.3 ± 5.6 | 57.4 ± 5.7 | 58.0 ± 5.6 |
| Male sex (%) | 46.8 | 42.6 | 44.9 | 46.1 |
| African American race (%) | 15.9 | 11.8 | 26.7 | 50.7 |
| Educational level (%)* | ||||
| <12 years completed | 13.4 | 14.5 | 23.4 | 31.9 |
| 12–16 years completed | 40.4 | 44.5 | 40.8 | 36.6 |
| >16 years completed | 46.2 | 41.0 | 35.8 | 31.5 |
| Current smokers (%)* | 13.0 | 18.4 | 29.1 | 31.3 |
| Current alcohol drinkers (%) | 64.3 | 64.5 | 56.0 | 46.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 26.4 ± 4.7 | 26.6 ± 4.5 | 27.8 ± 5.2 | 29.7 ± 5.9 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl)* | 97.9 ± 8.4 | 99.4 ± 8.6 | 103.4 ± 9.1 | 108.1 ± 9.7 |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 23.7 | 23.5 | 29.2 | 42.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 118.6 ± 17.4 | 118.4 ± 18.0 | 121.6 ± 18.0 | 125.4 ± 19.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 72.1 ± 10.0 | 71.5 ± 10.1 | 72.4 ± 10.3 | 73.9 ± 10.3 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l)* | 3.18 ± 0.91 | 3.37 ± 0.91 | 3.54 ± 0.95 | 3.62 ± 0.96 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l)* | 1.37 ± 0.48 | 1.35 ± 0.45 | 1.29 ± 0.42 | 1.22 ± 0.38 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)* | 1.33 ± 0.77 | 1.42 ± 0.87 | 1.46 ± 0.85 | 1.53 ± 0.87 |
| History of CHD (%) | 2.5 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Carotid atherosclerosis (%)* | 4.4 | 4.7 | 6.9 | 10.1 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 86.5 ± 17.6 | 84.9 ± 16.6 | 85.7 ± 18.3 | 87.9 ± 19.6 |
| . | Categories of A1C (%) . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.5–4.9 . | 5.0–5.4 . | 5.5–5.9 . | 6.0–6.4 . | |
| n | 1,012 | 5,263 | 3,883 | 899 |
| Age (years) | 55.4 ± 5.5 | 56.3 ± 5.6 | 57.4 ± 5.7 | 58.0 ± 5.6 |
| Male sex (%) | 46.8 | 42.6 | 44.9 | 46.1 |
| African American race (%) | 15.9 | 11.8 | 26.7 | 50.7 |
| Educational level (%)* | ||||
| <12 years completed | 13.4 | 14.5 | 23.4 | 31.9 |
| 12–16 years completed | 40.4 | 44.5 | 40.8 | 36.6 |
| >16 years completed | 46.2 | 41.0 | 35.8 | 31.5 |
| Current smokers (%)* | 13.0 | 18.4 | 29.1 | 31.3 |
| Current alcohol drinkers (%) | 64.3 | 64.5 | 56.0 | 46.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 26.4 ± 4.7 | 26.6 ± 4.5 | 27.8 ± 5.2 | 29.7 ± 5.9 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl)* | 97.9 ± 8.4 | 99.4 ± 8.6 | 103.4 ± 9.1 | 108.1 ± 9.7 |
| Antihypertensive medication (%) | 23.7 | 23.5 | 29.2 | 42.2 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 118.6 ± 17.4 | 118.4 ± 18.0 | 121.6 ± 18.0 | 125.4 ± 19.5 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)* | 72.1 ± 10.0 | 71.5 ± 10.1 | 72.4 ± 10.3 | 73.9 ± 10.3 |
| LDL-C (mmol/l)* | 3.18 ± 0.91 | 3.37 ± 0.91 | 3.54 ± 0.95 | 3.62 ± 0.96 |
| HDL-C (mmol/l)* | 1.37 ± 0.48 | 1.35 ± 0.45 | 1.29 ± 0.42 | 1.22 ± 0.38 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)* | 1.33 ± 0.77 | 1.42 ± 0.87 | 1.46 ± 0.85 | 1.53 ± 0.87 |
| History of CHD (%) | 2.5 | 3.7 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Carotid atherosclerosis (%)* | 4.4 | 4.7 | 6.9 | 10.1 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 86.5 ± 17.6 | 84.9 ± 16.6 | 85.7 ± 18.3 | 87.9 ± 19.6 |
Data are mean ± SD or percentage. All comparisons were significant at P < 0.001, except for sex (P = 0.017). eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.
*Missing values (number missing): educational level, 13; current smokers, 1; BMI 9, fasting glucose 191; blood pressure, 1; LDL-C, 136: HDL-C, 37; triglycerides, 7; history of CHD, 98; carotid atherosclerosis, 211.