Diagnostic criteria for DKA and HHS
| . | DKA . | . | . | HHS . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild . | Moderate . | Severe . | ||||
| Plasma glucose (mg/dl) | >250 | >250 | >250 | >600 | ||
| Arterial pH | 7.25–7.30 | 7.00–7.24 | <7.00 | >7.30 | ||
| Serum bicarbonate (mEq/l) | 15–18 | 10 to <15 | <10 | >15 | ||
| Urine ketones* | Positive | Positive | Positive | Small | ||
| Serum ketones* | Positive | Positive | Positive | Small | ||
| Effective serum osmolality (mOsm/kg)† | Variable | Variable | Variable | >320 | ||
| Anion gap‡ | >10 | >12 | >12 | Variable | ||
| Alteration in sensoria or mental obtundation | Alert | Alert/drowsy | Stupor/coma | Stupor/coma | ||
| . | DKA . | . | . | HHS . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild . | Moderate . | Severe . | ||||
| Plasma glucose (mg/dl) | >250 | >250 | >250 | >600 | ||
| Arterial pH | 7.25–7.30 | 7.00–7.24 | <7.00 | >7.30 | ||
| Serum bicarbonate (mEq/l) | 15–18 | 10 to <15 | <10 | >15 | ||
| Urine ketones* | Positive | Positive | Positive | Small | ||
| Serum ketones* | Positive | Positive | Positive | Small | ||
| Effective serum osmolality (mOsm/kg)† | Variable | Variable | Variable | >320 | ||
| Anion gap‡ | >10 | >12 | >12 | Variable | ||
| Alteration in sensoria or mental obtundation | Alert | Alert/drowsy | Stupor/coma | Stupor/coma | ||
Nitroprusside reaction method;
calculation: 2[measured Na (mEq/l)] + glucose (mg/dl)/18;
calculation: (Na+) − (Cl− + HCO3−) (mEq/l). See text for details.