American Diabetes Association

Table 1

Baseline information between groups with and without diabetes

	Without diabetes (n = 111,476)		With diabetes (n = 27,869)
Variable	n	%	n	%	P value*
Sex					0.99
Female	50,052	44.9	12,513	44.9
Male	61,424	55.1	15,356	55.1
Age-group (years)					0.99
20–39	28,508	25.5	7,127	25.5
40–64	45,092	40.5	11,273	40.5
65–84	37,876	34.0	9,469	34.0
Age (years), mean ± SD†	57.8 ± 13.1		58.7 ± 12.7		<0.001
Baseline comorbidities
Alcohol-related disease	3,056	2.74	1,568	5.63	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease	25,598	23.0	10,500	37.8	<0.001
Chronic kidney disease	4,140	3.71	1,551	5.57	<0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	18,174	16.3	5,641	20.2	<0.001
Hyperlipidemia	21,099	18.9	11,964	42.9	<0.001
Hypertension	38,388	34.4	17,215	61.8	<0.001
Hip fracture	855	0.77	259	0.93	0.01
Thalassemia	312	0.28	80	0.29	0.84
Oral corticosteroid use	73,046	65.5	19,829	71.2	<0.001

	Without diabetes (n = 111,476)		With diabetes (n = 27,869)
Variable	n	%	n	%	P value*
Sex					0.99
Female	50,052	44.9	12,513	44.9
Male	61,424	55.1	15,356	55.1
Age-group (years)					0.99
20–39	28,508	25.5	7,127	25.5
40–64	45,092	40.5	11,273	40.5
65–84	37,876	34.0	9,469	34.0
Age (years), mean ± SD†	57.8 ± 13.1		58.7 ± 12.7		<0.001
Baseline comorbidities
Alcohol-related disease	3,056	2.74	1,568	5.63	<0.001
Cardiovascular disease	25,598	23.0	10,500	37.8	<0.001
Chronic kidney disease	4,140	3.71	1,551	5.57	<0.001
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	18,174	16.3	5,641	20.2	<0.001
Hyperlipidemia	21,099	18.9	11,964	42.9	<0.001
Hypertension	38,388	34.4	17,215	61.8	<0.001
Hip fracture	855	0.77	259	0.93	0.01
Thalassemia	312	0.28	80	0.29	0.84
Oral corticosteroid use	73,046	65.5	19,829	71.2	<0.001

*χ² test comparing subjects with and without diabetes.

†Student t test comparing subjects with and without diabetes.