Self-reported sleep and circadian measures
| . | All . | Prediabetes . | Diabetes . | P† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep measures | ||||
| Habitual sleep duration (h) | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 0.673 |
| Sleep duration ≤6 h | 303 (32.1) | 221 (31.9) | 82 (32.5) | 0.850 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 85.8 ± 14.2 | 85.6 ± 14.2 | 86.4 ± 14.3 | 0.485 |
| PSQI global score | 6.7 ± 3.9 | 6.8 ± 3.9 | 6.4 ± 3.9 | 0.140 |
| Poor sleep quality | 511 (54.1) | 386 (55.8) | 125 (49.6) | 0.092 |
| High apnea risk | 618 (64.6) | 447 (63.9) | 171 (66.3) | 0.504 |
| Sleep debt (h) | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 0.304 |
| Daytime sleepiness | 327 (34.0) | 246 (34.9) | 81 (31.4) | 0.303 |
| ESS | 8.1 ± 4.9 | 8.3 ± 5.0 | 7.6 ± 4.7 | 0.045 |
| Circadian measures | ||||
| Bedtime workdays (h:min) | 22:31 ± 2:01 | 22:31 ± 01:59 | 22:31 ± 02:06 | 0.998 |
| Bedtime days off work (h:min) | 23:15 ± 1:29 | 23:16 ± 01:30 | 23:15 ± 01:24 | 0.868 |
| Wake time workdays (h:min) | 06:31 ± 2:15 | 06:30 ± 02:07 | 06:36 ± 02:38 | 0.604 |
| Wake time days off work (h:min) | 07:43 ± 1:42 | 07:43 ± 01:44 | 07:43 ± 01:38 | 0.988 |
| Chronotype (h:min)* | 03:31 ± 02:33 | 03:35 ± 02:43 | 03:20 ± 01:57 | 0.280 |
| Social jet lag (h) | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 1.3 ± 1.7 | 0.406 |
| Shift work | 188 (24.2) | 136 (23.1) | 52 (28.0) | 0.173 |
| . | All . | Prediabetes . | Diabetes . | P† . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep measures | ||||
| Habitual sleep duration (h) | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.6 ± 1.3 | 6.7 ± 1.4 | 0.673 |
| Sleep duration ≤6 h | 303 (32.1) | 221 (31.9) | 82 (32.5) | 0.850 |
| Sleep efficiency, % | 85.8 ± 14.2 | 85.6 ± 14.2 | 86.4 ± 14.3 | 0.485 |
| PSQI global score | 6.7 ± 3.9 | 6.8 ± 3.9 | 6.4 ± 3.9 | 0.140 |
| Poor sleep quality | 511 (54.1) | 386 (55.8) | 125 (49.6) | 0.092 |
| High apnea risk | 618 (64.6) | 447 (63.9) | 171 (66.3) | 0.504 |
| Sleep debt (h) | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.5 ± 1.3 | 1.4 ± 1.3 | 0.304 |
| Daytime sleepiness | 327 (34.0) | 246 (34.9) | 81 (31.4) | 0.303 |
| ESS | 8.1 ± 4.9 | 8.3 ± 5.0 | 7.6 ± 4.7 | 0.045 |
| Circadian measures | ||||
| Bedtime workdays (h:min) | 22:31 ± 2:01 | 22:31 ± 01:59 | 22:31 ± 02:06 | 0.998 |
| Bedtime days off work (h:min) | 23:15 ± 1:29 | 23:16 ± 01:30 | 23:15 ± 01:24 | 0.868 |
| Wake time workdays (h:min) | 06:31 ± 2:15 | 06:30 ± 02:07 | 06:36 ± 02:38 | 0.604 |
| Wake time days off work (h:min) | 07:43 ± 1:42 | 07:43 ± 01:44 | 07:43 ± 01:38 | 0.988 |
| Chronotype (h:min)* | 03:31 ± 02:33 | 03:35 ± 02:43 | 03:20 ± 01:57 | 0.280 |
| Social jet lag (h) | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 1.3 ± 1.7 | 0.406 |
| Shift work | 188 (24.2) | 136 (23.1) | 52 (28.0) | 0.173 |
Data are n (%) or mean ± SD.
†P value comparing prediabetes with diabetes.
*The MSFsc was derived from midsleep time on days off work (or weekend nights in unemployed individuals) with further adjustment for the sleep debt taking into account the sleep duration average of days off work or weekends and weekdays as follows: MSFsc = midsleep time on days off work or weekend nights – 0.5 * [SDF − (no. of days off work * SDW + no. of days off work * SDF)/7], where SDF is the calculated sleep duration on days off work or weekend nights and SDW is the calculated sleep duration on workdays or weekday nights.