Patient characteristics at the time of first ADD initiation, by drug class in the study cohort (N = 1,023,340)
| . | GLP-1RA . | SGLT2i . | MET . | INS . | TZD . | DPP-4i . | SU . | Other§ . | All . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any time during follow-up | |||||||||
| n (% of N) | 68,522 (7) | 39,549 (4) | 808,518 (79) | 270,432 (26) | 109,754 (11) | 182,457 (18) | 354,367 (35) | 25,358 (2) | 1,023,340 (100) |
| Time to first prescription, months* | 22.32 (27.23) | 39.64 (33.48) | 5.3 (14.16) | 13.03 (22.54) | 8.93 (17.72) | 19.57 (25.56) | 11.09 (20.25) | 14.97 (23.56) | — |
| At first ADD | |||||||||
| n2 (% of N) | 9,494 (1) | 1,935 (0.2) | 740,478 (72) | 93,078 (9) | 28,004 (3) | 25,005 (2) | 116,435 (11) | 8,911 (1) | — |
| Time to first prescription, months* | 3.82 (11.92) | 7.94 (18.68) | 3.73 (11.78) | 3.74 (11.06) | 2.33 (8.2) | 4.98 (13.65) | 3.84 (11.51) | 2.45 (9.66) | 3.73 (11.66) |
| Follow-up from ADD initiation, years* | 3.22 (2.5) | 0.98 (0.62) | 3.31 (2.54) | 2.94 (2.45) | 5.06 (3.02) | 2.79 (2.1) | 3.72 (2.7) | 3.86 (2.71) | 3.36 (2.58) |
| Follow-up ≥1 year from first ADD initiation, n3 (% of n2) | 7,400 (78) | 889 (46) | 589,246 (80) | 68,385 (73) | 25,105 (90) | 19,278 (77) | 95,854 (82) | 7,669 (86) | 813,826 (80) |
| Discontinuation within 1 year, n (% of n3) | 1,516 (20) | 225 (25) | 44,485 (8) | 3,359 (5) | 4,795 (19) | 3,243 (17) | 9,765 (10) | 1,367 (18) | 68,755 (8) |
| Age (years)* | 55 (12) | 56 (11) | 57 (13) | 60 (13) | 62 (11) | 64 (11) | 64 (11) | 58 (16) | 58 (13) |
| Age ≥70 years, n (% of n2) | 1,217 (13) | 223 (12) | 144,210 (19) | 26,790 (29) | 8,838 (32) | 9,741 (39) | 50,280 (43) | 2,925 (33) | 244,224 (24) |
| Male, n (% of n2) | 3,205 (34) | 849 (44) | 332,206 (45) | 44,016 (47) | 14,075 (50) | 10,968 (44) | 59,208 (51) | 3,339 (37) | 467,866 (46) |
| White Caucasian, n (% of n2) | 7,005 (74) | 1,430 (74) | 512,521 (69) | 58,396 (63) | 18,342 (65) | 17,082 (68) | 77,533 (67) | 5,812 (65) | 698,121 (68) |
| Black, n (% of n2) | 899 (9) | 218 (11) | 83,767 (11) | 14,089 (15) | 2,795 (10) | 2,957 (12) | 13,988 (12) | 944 (11) | 119,657 (12) |
| HbA1c, %* | 8 (1.6) | 8.1 (1.7) | 8.1 (1.8) | 8.9 (2.1) | 7.8 (1.6) | 7.7 (1.5) | 8 (1.6) | 7.8 (1.5) | 8.2 (1.8) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol‡ | 64 | 65 | 65 | 74 | 62 | 61 | 64 | 62 | 66 |
| HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol), n (% of n2) | 831 (47) | 295 (51) | 108,114 (48) | 19,756 (71) | 2,249 (42) | 2,410 (40) | 15,109 (49) | 509 (45) | 149,273 (50) |
| HbA1c ≥8% (64 mmol/mol), n (% of n2) | 609 (34) | 209 (36) | 82,914 (37) | 16,284 (59) | 1,565 (29) | 1,656 (28) | 10,900 (36) | 348 (31) | 114,485 (39) |
| Weight, kg* | 107.6 (26.6) | 103.5 (24.8) | 98.2 (24.9) | 95.3 (25.3) | 96.7 (25.2) | 92.8 (24) | 93.6 (23.7) | 87.6 (24.6) | 97.3 (24.9) |
| BMI, kg/m2* | 38.1 (8.5) | 36.2 (8) | 34.6 (7.9) | 33.6 (8.3) | 34 (7.9) | 33 (7.6) | 33.1 (7.6) | 31.5 (8) | 34.3 (7.9) |
| Obese, n (% of n2) | 6,460 (85) | 1,281 (78) | 427,651 (70) | 43,030 (64) | 12,954 (66) | 12,106 (62) | 53,029 (62) | 3,476 (51) | 559,987 (68) |
| SBP, mmHg* | 129 (15) | 129 (14) | 131 (15) | 131 (18) | 131 (16) | 130 (16) | 132 (17) | 126 (17) | 131 (16) |
| SBP ≥140 mmHg, n (% of n2) | 1,538 (21) | 345 (22) | 153,062 (25) | 20,320 (29) | 5,400 (27) | 4,960 (25) | 26,435 (30) | 1,313 (19) | 213,373 (26) |
| DBP, mmHg* | 78 (10) | 78 (9) | 78 (10) | 75 (11) | 75 (10) | 75 (10) | 75 (10) | 74 (10) | 77 (10) |
| Heart rate, bpm* | 79 (11) | 79 (12) | 78 (12) | 78 (12) | 75 (12) | 76 (12) | 76 (12) | 76 (11) | 78 (12) |
| LDL, mg/dL* | 103 (37) | 106 (39) | 106 (37) | 98 (40) | 100 (38) | 99 (37) | 98 (37) | 98 (37) | 104 (37) |
| HDL, mg/dL* | 45 (13) | 45 (14) | 44 (13) | 44 (15) | 46 (14) | 45 (14) | 44 (14) | 48 (15) | 44 (13) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL† | 140 (102, 187) | 144 (104, 195) | 143 (104, 193) | 133 (93, 184) | 131 (94, 182) | 141 (102, 188) | 142 (103, 192) | 123 (88, 174) | 142 (103, 192) |
| CVD, n (% of n2) | 1,422 (15) | 331 (17) | 118,342 (16) | 25,051 (27) | 5,446 (19) | 6,182 (25) | 31,293 (27) | 1,815 (20) | 189,882 (19) |
| CKD, n (% of n2) | 377 (4) | 47 (2) | 12,590 (2) | 10,329 (11) | 1,820 (6) | 2,371 (9) | 10,988 (9) | 643 (7) | 39,165 (4) |
| Cancer, n (% of n2) | 289 (3) | 64 (3) | 30,195 (4) | 3,636 (4) | 1,374 (5) | 1,340 (5) | 6,551 (6) | 451 (5) | 43,900 (4) |
| Depression, n (% of n2) | 1,266 (13) | 213 (11) | 88,673 (12) | 7,834 (8) | 2,210 (8) | 2,327 (9) | 8,931 (8) | 845 (9) | 112,299 (11) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index* | 1.47 (0.9) | 1.45 (0.91) | 1.44 (0.89) | 1.84 (1.31) | 1.57 (1.06) | 1.76 (1.22) | 1.77 (1.23) | 1.66 (1.16) | 1.53 (1.0) |
| . | GLP-1RA . | SGLT2i . | MET . | INS . | TZD . | DPP-4i . | SU . | Other§ . | All . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any time during follow-up | |||||||||
| n (% of N) | 68,522 (7) | 39,549 (4) | 808,518 (79) | 270,432 (26) | 109,754 (11) | 182,457 (18) | 354,367 (35) | 25,358 (2) | 1,023,340 (100) |
| Time to first prescription, months* | 22.32 (27.23) | 39.64 (33.48) | 5.3 (14.16) | 13.03 (22.54) | 8.93 (17.72) | 19.57 (25.56) | 11.09 (20.25) | 14.97 (23.56) | — |
| At first ADD | |||||||||
| n2 (% of N) | 9,494 (1) | 1,935 (0.2) | 740,478 (72) | 93,078 (9) | 28,004 (3) | 25,005 (2) | 116,435 (11) | 8,911 (1) | — |
| Time to first prescription, months* | 3.82 (11.92) | 7.94 (18.68) | 3.73 (11.78) | 3.74 (11.06) | 2.33 (8.2) | 4.98 (13.65) | 3.84 (11.51) | 2.45 (9.66) | 3.73 (11.66) |
| Follow-up from ADD initiation, years* | 3.22 (2.5) | 0.98 (0.62) | 3.31 (2.54) | 2.94 (2.45) | 5.06 (3.02) | 2.79 (2.1) | 3.72 (2.7) | 3.86 (2.71) | 3.36 (2.58) |
| Follow-up ≥1 year from first ADD initiation, n3 (% of n2) | 7,400 (78) | 889 (46) | 589,246 (80) | 68,385 (73) | 25,105 (90) | 19,278 (77) | 95,854 (82) | 7,669 (86) | 813,826 (80) |
| Discontinuation within 1 year, n (% of n3) | 1,516 (20) | 225 (25) | 44,485 (8) | 3,359 (5) | 4,795 (19) | 3,243 (17) | 9,765 (10) | 1,367 (18) | 68,755 (8) |
| Age (years)* | 55 (12) | 56 (11) | 57 (13) | 60 (13) | 62 (11) | 64 (11) | 64 (11) | 58 (16) | 58 (13) |
| Age ≥70 years, n (% of n2) | 1,217 (13) | 223 (12) | 144,210 (19) | 26,790 (29) | 8,838 (32) | 9,741 (39) | 50,280 (43) | 2,925 (33) | 244,224 (24) |
| Male, n (% of n2) | 3,205 (34) | 849 (44) | 332,206 (45) | 44,016 (47) | 14,075 (50) | 10,968 (44) | 59,208 (51) | 3,339 (37) | 467,866 (46) |
| White Caucasian, n (% of n2) | 7,005 (74) | 1,430 (74) | 512,521 (69) | 58,396 (63) | 18,342 (65) | 17,082 (68) | 77,533 (67) | 5,812 (65) | 698,121 (68) |
| Black, n (% of n2) | 899 (9) | 218 (11) | 83,767 (11) | 14,089 (15) | 2,795 (10) | 2,957 (12) | 13,988 (12) | 944 (11) | 119,657 (12) |
| HbA1c, %* | 8 (1.6) | 8.1 (1.7) | 8.1 (1.8) | 8.9 (2.1) | 7.8 (1.6) | 7.7 (1.5) | 8 (1.6) | 7.8 (1.5) | 8.2 (1.8) |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol‡ | 64 | 65 | 65 | 74 | 62 | 61 | 64 | 62 | 66 |
| HbA1c ≥7.5% (58 mmol/mol), n (% of n2) | 831 (47) | 295 (51) | 108,114 (48) | 19,756 (71) | 2,249 (42) | 2,410 (40) | 15,109 (49) | 509 (45) | 149,273 (50) |
| HbA1c ≥8% (64 mmol/mol), n (% of n2) | 609 (34) | 209 (36) | 82,914 (37) | 16,284 (59) | 1,565 (29) | 1,656 (28) | 10,900 (36) | 348 (31) | 114,485 (39) |
| Weight, kg* | 107.6 (26.6) | 103.5 (24.8) | 98.2 (24.9) | 95.3 (25.3) | 96.7 (25.2) | 92.8 (24) | 93.6 (23.7) | 87.6 (24.6) | 97.3 (24.9) |
| BMI, kg/m2* | 38.1 (8.5) | 36.2 (8) | 34.6 (7.9) | 33.6 (8.3) | 34 (7.9) | 33 (7.6) | 33.1 (7.6) | 31.5 (8) | 34.3 (7.9) |
| Obese, n (% of n2) | 6,460 (85) | 1,281 (78) | 427,651 (70) | 43,030 (64) | 12,954 (66) | 12,106 (62) | 53,029 (62) | 3,476 (51) | 559,987 (68) |
| SBP, mmHg* | 129 (15) | 129 (14) | 131 (15) | 131 (18) | 131 (16) | 130 (16) | 132 (17) | 126 (17) | 131 (16) |
| SBP ≥140 mmHg, n (% of n2) | 1,538 (21) | 345 (22) | 153,062 (25) | 20,320 (29) | 5,400 (27) | 4,960 (25) | 26,435 (30) | 1,313 (19) | 213,373 (26) |
| DBP, mmHg* | 78 (10) | 78 (9) | 78 (10) | 75 (11) | 75 (10) | 75 (10) | 75 (10) | 74 (10) | 77 (10) |
| Heart rate, bpm* | 79 (11) | 79 (12) | 78 (12) | 78 (12) | 75 (12) | 76 (12) | 76 (12) | 76 (11) | 78 (12) |
| LDL, mg/dL* | 103 (37) | 106 (39) | 106 (37) | 98 (40) | 100 (38) | 99 (37) | 98 (37) | 98 (37) | 104 (37) |
| HDL, mg/dL* | 45 (13) | 45 (14) | 44 (13) | 44 (15) | 46 (14) | 45 (14) | 44 (14) | 48 (15) | 44 (13) |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL† | 140 (102, 187) | 144 (104, 195) | 143 (104, 193) | 133 (93, 184) | 131 (94, 182) | 141 (102, 188) | 142 (103, 192) | 123 (88, 174) | 142 (103, 192) |
| CVD, n (% of n2) | 1,422 (15) | 331 (17) | 118,342 (16) | 25,051 (27) | 5,446 (19) | 6,182 (25) | 31,293 (27) | 1,815 (20) | 189,882 (19) |
| CKD, n (% of n2) | 377 (4) | 47 (2) | 12,590 (2) | 10,329 (11) | 1,820 (6) | 2,371 (9) | 10,988 (9) | 643 (7) | 39,165 (4) |
| Cancer, n (% of n2) | 289 (3) | 64 (3) | 30,195 (4) | 3,636 (4) | 1,374 (5) | 1,340 (5) | 6,551 (6) | 451 (5) | 43,900 (4) |
| Depression, n (% of n2) | 1,266 (13) | 213 (11) | 88,673 (12) | 7,834 (8) | 2,210 (8) | 2,327 (9) | 8,931 (8) | 845 (9) | 112,299 (11) |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index* | 1.47 (0.9) | 1.45 (0.91) | 1.44 (0.89) | 1.84 (1.31) | 1.57 (1.06) | 1.76 (1.22) | 1.77 (1.23) | 1.66 (1.16) | 1.53 (1.0) |
bpm, beats per minute; n2, number of study cohort patients prescribed each drug class as a first ADD; n3, number of n2 patients with ≥1 year follow-up after first ADD initiation.
*Mean (SD);
†median (interquartile range);
‡mean;
§other: amylin, DOPRA, AGI, or MEG.