Baseline characteristics of the 97,245 participants of the Nurses’ Health Study in 1988
| . | COPD . | No COPD . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Asthma . | No asthma* . | |
| n | 1,342 | 2,879 | 93,024 | |
| Age (years) | 58 ± 7 | 52 ± 7 | 54 ± 7 | |
| Race (%) | ||||
| White | 93 | 92 | 87 | |
| Non-white | 3 | 5 | 5 | |
| Missing | 4 | 3 | 8 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 (21.6–27.3) | 25.5 (22.8–29.2) | 24.4 (22.1–27.5) | |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 24 | 20 | 20 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 19 | 20 | 16 | |
| Hormone replacement therapy (%) | ||||
| Premenopausal | 24 | 29 | 29 | |
| Current user of estrogen only | 9 | 12 | 8 | |
| Current user of estrogen and progesterone | 6 | 7 | 5 | |
| Missing | 20 | 17 | 20 | |
| Activity level (METs/week) | 12 ± 18 | 14 ± 17 | 16 ± 22 | |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||
| Never smoker | 16 | 48 | 44 | |
| Past smoker | 31 | 41 | 36 | |
| Current light smoker (<25 cigarettes/day) | 28 | 8 | 14 | |
| Current heavy smoker (≥25 cigarettes/day) | 25 | 3 | 6 | |
| Pack-years | 50 (37–67) | 20 (8–35) | 25 (12–43) | |
| Daily alcohol intake (gm/day) | 9 ± 14 | 6 ± 10 | 7 ± 10 | |
| Cereal fiber intake (gm/day) | 4 ± 3 | 5 ± 3 | 5 ± 3 | |
| Trans fat intake (gm/day) | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | |
| Glycemic load index | 10,923 ± 4,183 | 11,129 ± 4,118 | 11,044 ± 4,094 | |
| Polyunsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | |
| . | COPD . | No COPD . | . | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | . | Asthma . | No asthma* . | |
| n | 1,342 | 2,879 | 93,024 | |
| Age (years) | 58 ± 7 | 52 ± 7 | 54 ± 7 | |
| Race (%) | ||||
| White | 93 | 92 | 87 | |
| Non-white | 3 | 5 | 5 | |
| Missing | 4 | 3 | 8 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.1 (21.6–27.3) | 25.5 (22.8–29.2) | 24.4 (22.1–27.5) | |
| Family history of diabetes (%) | 24 | 20 | 20 | |
| Hypertension (%) | 19 | 20 | 16 | |
| Hormone replacement therapy (%) | ||||
| Premenopausal | 24 | 29 | 29 | |
| Current user of estrogen only | 9 | 12 | 8 | |
| Current user of estrogen and progesterone | 6 | 7 | 5 | |
| Missing | 20 | 17 | 20 | |
| Activity level (METs/week) | 12 ± 18 | 14 ± 17 | 16 ± 22 | |
| Smoking status (%) | ||||
| Never smoker | 16 | 48 | 44 | |
| Past smoker | 31 | 41 | 36 | |
| Current light smoker (<25 cigarettes/day) | 28 | 8 | 14 | |
| Current heavy smoker (≥25 cigarettes/day) | 25 | 3 | 6 | |
| Pack-years | 50 (37–67) | 20 (8–35) | 25 (12–43) | |
| Daily alcohol intake (gm/day) | 9 ± 14 | 6 ± 10 | 7 ± 10 | |
| Cereal fiber intake (gm/day) | 4 ± 3 | 5 ± 3 | 5 ± 3 | |
| Trans fat intake (gm/day) | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | |
| Glycemic load index | 10,923 ± 4,183 | 11,129 ± 4,118 | 11,044 ± 4,094 | |
| Polyunsaturated-to-saturated fat ratio | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | 0.5 ± 0.2 | |
Data are means ±SD or median (interquartile range), unless noted otherwise.
Includes 1,371 participants with a component of COPD not reaching diagnostic criteria and 21 subjects with asthma but without date of onset. MET, metabolic equivalent.