Clinical and biochemical characteristics at follow-up among patients with and without MA and RP, respectively
| . | MA . | No MA . | P . | RP . | No RP . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 17 | 77 | 45 | 49 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Boys | 11 (65) | 36 (47) | 0.28 | 21 (47) | 26 (53) | 0.68 |
| Girls | 6 (35) | 41 (53) | 24 (53) | 23 (47) | ||
| Birth weight (SD score) | −0.66 to 1.48 | −1.34 to 1.74 | 0.12 | −0.91 to 1.00 | −1.34 to 1.74 | 0.52 |
| Diabetes onset (years) | 8.7 ± 2.9 | 9.0 ± 3.9 | 0.77 | 9.1 ± 3.7 | 8.8 ± 3.7 | 0.71 |
| Age of onset of diabetes | ||||||
| <5 years | 2 (12) | 15 (88) | 0.31 | 7 (41) | 10 (59) | 0.78 |
| 5–11 years | 11 (25) | 34 (75) | 23 (49) | 22 (51) | ||
| >11 years | 4 (12) | 28 (88) | 15 (47) | 17 (53) | ||
| Diabetes duration (years) | 13.7 ± 3.4 (7.2–18.5) | 11.4 ± 3.3 (5.2–18.9) | 0.01 | 13.5 ± 3.2 (7.2–18.9) | 10.2 ± 2.9 (5.2–17.1) | <0.01 |
| Tobacco use | 1 (6) | 7 (9) | 1.00 | 6 (13) | 2 (4) | 0.15 |
| Mean HbAlc (%) during entire follow-up period | 7.9 ± 1.2 (5.5–10.0) | 7.4 ± 1.1 (4.8–10.2) | 0.13 | 7.9 ± 1.1 (5.5–10.9) | 7.1 ± 1.1 (4.8–9.9) | 0.02 |
| Mean HbAlc (%) first 5 years of diabetes | 7.3 ± 1.2 (5.2–9.8) | 7.0 ± 1.3 (4.3–10.2) | 0.33 | 7.3 ± 1.2 (5.2–10.2) | 6.8 ± 1.3 (4.3–10.1) | 0.031 |
| Mean HbAlc (%) after 5 years of diabetes | 8.8 ± 1.9 (5.6–11.7) | 7.7 ± 1.3 (5.1–11.0) | 0.008 | 8.2 ± 1.6 (5.1–12.1) | 7.7 ± 1.4 (5.6–11.7) | 0.12 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 22.8 ± 2.2 (19.4–26.8) | 23.3 ± 2.5 (18.0–27.9) | 0.43 | 23.2 ± 2.4 (18.6–26.8) | 23.3 ± 2.5 (18.0–27.9) | 0.89 |
| Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg)* | 89.4 ± 10.3 (62–102) | 89.5 ± 6.5 (78–110) | 0.98 | 90.1 ± 8.6 (62–110) | 88.6 ± 5.3 (79–98) | 0.40 |
| . | MA . | No MA . | P . | RP . | No RP . | P . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 17 | 77 | 45 | 49 | ||
| Sex | ||||||
| Boys | 11 (65) | 36 (47) | 0.28 | 21 (47) | 26 (53) | 0.68 |
| Girls | 6 (35) | 41 (53) | 24 (53) | 23 (47) | ||
| Birth weight (SD score) | −0.66 to 1.48 | −1.34 to 1.74 | 0.12 | −0.91 to 1.00 | −1.34 to 1.74 | 0.52 |
| Diabetes onset (years) | 8.7 ± 2.9 | 9.0 ± 3.9 | 0.77 | 9.1 ± 3.7 | 8.8 ± 3.7 | 0.71 |
| Age of onset of diabetes | ||||||
| <5 years | 2 (12) | 15 (88) | 0.31 | 7 (41) | 10 (59) | 0.78 |
| 5–11 years | 11 (25) | 34 (75) | 23 (49) | 22 (51) | ||
| >11 years | 4 (12) | 28 (88) | 15 (47) | 17 (53) | ||
| Diabetes duration (years) | 13.7 ± 3.4 (7.2–18.5) | 11.4 ± 3.3 (5.2–18.9) | 0.01 | 13.5 ± 3.2 (7.2–18.9) | 10.2 ± 2.9 (5.2–17.1) | <0.01 |
| Tobacco use | 1 (6) | 7 (9) | 1.00 | 6 (13) | 2 (4) | 0.15 |
| Mean HbAlc (%) during entire follow-up period | 7.9 ± 1.2 (5.5–10.0) | 7.4 ± 1.1 (4.8–10.2) | 0.13 | 7.9 ± 1.1 (5.5–10.9) | 7.1 ± 1.1 (4.8–9.9) | 0.02 |
| Mean HbAlc (%) first 5 years of diabetes | 7.3 ± 1.2 (5.2–9.8) | 7.0 ± 1.3 (4.3–10.2) | 0.33 | 7.3 ± 1.2 (5.2–10.2) | 6.8 ± 1.3 (4.3–10.1) | 0.031 |
| Mean HbAlc (%) after 5 years of diabetes | 8.8 ± 1.9 (5.6–11.7) | 7.7 ± 1.3 (5.1–11.0) | 0.008 | 8.2 ± 1.6 (5.1–12.1) | 7.7 ± 1.4 (5.6–11.7) | 0.12 |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 22.8 ± 2.2 (19.4–26.8) | 23.3 ± 2.5 (18.0–27.9) | 0.43 | 23.2 ± 2.4 (18.6–26.8) | 23.3 ± 2.5 (18.0–27.9) | 0.89 |
| Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg)* | 89.4 ± 10.3 (62–102) | 89.5 ± 6.5 (78–110) | 0.98 | 90.1 ± 8.6 (62–110) | 88.6 ± 5.3 (79–98) | 0.40 |
Data are means ± SD (range) or n (%);
At 18 years of age, numbers of patients with information on these variables were 74 for BMI and 71 for blood pressure.