Anthropometry, body composition, endocrine profile, and energy expenditure of study groups
| . | Offspring . | . | Normal subjects . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (F/M) | 10/8 | 17/10 | ||||
| Age (years) | 27 ± 2 | 26 ± 1 | ||||
| Body weight (kg) | 69.0 ± 5.9 | 63.8 ± 2.2 | ||||
| Height (cm) | 171 ± 2 | 169 ± 2 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 1.7 | 22.2 ± 0.5 | ||||
| Body fat mass (kg) | 20.1 ± 3.5 | 16.8 ± 1.3 | ||||
| Body fat (%) | 28 ± 3 | 26 ± 2 | ||||
| Arms fat content (%) | 24.0 ± 2.8 | 20.6 ± 1.9 | ||||
| Trunk fat content (%) | 26.9 ± 3.3 | 21.7 ± 1.6 | ||||
| Legs fat content (%) | 31.3 ± 2.7 | 31.2 ± 2.2 | ||||
| Lean body mass (kg) | 47.5 ± 3.1 | 45.9 ± 1.9 | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 188 ± 9 | 171 ± 5 | ||||
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 44 ± 6 | 46 ± 3 | ||||
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 123 ± 10 | 111 ± 5 | ||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 102 ± 14† | 72 ± 5 | ||||
| Physical activity index | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 9.0 ± 0.5 | ||||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 55 ± 18 | 39 ± 3 | ||||
| Glucagon (ng/l) | 76 ± 9 | 108 ± 10 | ||||
| Cortisol (ng/ml) | 68 ± 12 | 64 ± 5 | ||||
| Growth hormone (ng/ml) | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 1.09 ± 0.14 | ||||
| IGF-1 (ng/ml) | 186 ± 9 | 213 ± 13 | ||||
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 9.5 ± 2.1 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | ||||
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 9.7 ± 1.3† | 13.8 ± 1.3 | ||||
| α-TNF-R2 (ng/ml) | 1.25 ± 0.09 | 1.40 ± 0.07 | ||||
| Basal | Insulin | Basal | Insulin | |||
| REE (kcal/day) | 1,584 ± 96 | 1,602 ± 119 | 1,515 ± 50 | 1,541 ± 64 | ||
| REE/kg body weight (kcal · kg−1 · day−1) | 22.8 ± 0.8 | 22.9 ± 1.0 | 23.5 ± 0.5 | 23.7 ± 0.6 | ||
| REE/kg lean body mass (kcal · kg−1 · day−1) | 33.7 ± 1.2 | 33.8 ± 1.4 | 33.2 ± 0.8 | 33.6 ± 0.9 | ||
| . | Offspring . | . | Normal subjects . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (F/M) | 10/8 | 17/10 | ||||
| Age (years) | 27 ± 2 | 26 ± 1 | ||||
| Body weight (kg) | 69.0 ± 5.9 | 63.8 ± 2.2 | ||||
| Height (cm) | 171 ± 2 | 169 ± 2 | ||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7 ± 1.7 | 22.2 ± 0.5 | ||||
| Body fat mass (kg) | 20.1 ± 3.5 | 16.8 ± 1.3 | ||||
| Body fat (%) | 28 ± 3 | 26 ± 2 | ||||
| Arms fat content (%) | 24.0 ± 2.8 | 20.6 ± 1.9 | ||||
| Trunk fat content (%) | 26.9 ± 3.3 | 21.7 ± 1.6 | ||||
| Legs fat content (%) | 31.3 ± 2.7 | 31.2 ± 2.2 | ||||
| Lean body mass (kg) | 47.5 ± 3.1 | 45.9 ± 1.9 | ||||
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 188 ± 9 | 171 ± 5 | ||||
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 44 ± 6 | 46 ± 3 | ||||
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 123 ± 10 | 111 ± 5 | ||||
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 102 ± 14† | 72 ± 5 | ||||
| Physical activity index | 8.6 ± 0.5 | 9.0 ± 0.5 | ||||
| Insulin (pmol/l) | 55 ± 18 | 39 ± 3 | ||||
| Glucagon (ng/l) | 76 ± 9 | 108 ± 10 | ||||
| Cortisol (ng/ml) | 68 ± 12 | 64 ± 5 | ||||
| Growth hormone (ng/ml) | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 1.09 ± 0.14 | ||||
| IGF-1 (ng/ml) | 186 ± 9 | 213 ± 13 | ||||
| Leptin (ng/ml) | 9.5 ± 2.1 | 7.2 ± 1.3 | ||||
| Adiponectin (μg/ml) | 9.7 ± 1.3† | 13.8 ± 1.3 | ||||
| α-TNF-R2 (ng/ml) | 1.25 ± 0.09 | 1.40 ± 0.07 | ||||
| Basal | Insulin | Basal | Insulin | |||
| REE (kcal/day) | 1,584 ± 96 | 1,602 ± 119 | 1,515 ± 50 | 1,541 ± 64 | ||
| REE/kg body weight (kcal · kg−1 · day−1) | 22.8 ± 0.8 | 22.9 ± 1.0 | 23.5 ± 0.5 | 23.7 ± 0.6 | ||
| REE/kg lean body mass (kcal · kg−1 · day−1) | 33.7 ± 1.2 | 33.8 ± 1.4 | 33.2 ± 0.8 | 33.6 ± 0.9 | ||
Data are means ± SE. The range of possible scores for the physical activity index is 3–15; the lowest value corresponds to the level of physical activity of a clerical worker who plays a light sport (energy expended is <0.76 MJ/h, e.g., bowling) and who participates in sedentary activities during leisure time. The highest value corresponds to the level of physical activity of a person who is very physically active at work (e.g., a construction worker), who plays heavy sports (energy expended is at least 1.76 MJ/h, e.g., boxing, basketball, football, or rugby), and who is very physically active during leisure time (e.g., walking >1 h/day or biking >45 min/day).
Indicates P < 0.05 vs. normal subjects (Student’s unpaired t test and Bonferroni correction).