Glucose and protein metabolism in the postabsorptive (basal) and insulin-stimulated conditions (insulin)
| . | Offspring . | . | Normal subjects . | . | % change . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Basal . | Insulin . | Basal . | Insulin . | Offspring . | Normal Subjects . | |||
| Glucose metabolism | |||||||||
| Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.00 ± 0.08 | 4.98 ± 0.16 | 5.06 ± 0.04 | 4.98 ± 0.17 | — | — | |||
| Endogenous glucose production (mg · kg−1 · min) | 2.12 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.13 | 2.31 ± 0.07 | 0.48 ± 0.13 | −82 ± 5 | −80 ± 6 | |||
| Glucose disposal (mg · kg LBM−1 · min−1)* | 3.14 ± 0.07 | 7.09 ± 0.53† | 3.29 ± 0.11 | 9.89 ± 0.60 | +73 ± 6‡ | +200 ± 14 | |||
| Glucose oxidation (mg · kg LBM−1 · min−1) | 1.99 ± 0.19 | 3.27 ± 0.32 | 2.04 ± 0.11 | 3.66 ± 0.25 | +190 ± 28 | +188 ± 15 | |||
| Nonoxidative glucose disp (mg · kg LBM−1 · min−1) | — | 3.85 ± 0.86§ | — | 6.23 ± 0.23 | — | — | |||
| Protein metabolism | |||||||||
| Leucine (μmol/l) | 119 ± 6 | 73 ± 5 | 109 ± 4 | 68 ± 2 | −38 ± 2 | −37 ± 1 | |||
| α-Ketoisocaproate (μmol/l) | 30 ± 4 | 18 ± 2 | 47 ± 8 | 31 ± 5 | −36 ± 9 | −29 ± 6 | |||
| Phenylalanine (μmol/l) | 53 ± 3 | 41 ± 2 | 51 ± 1 | 39 ± 1 | −23 ± 2 | −24 ± 1 | |||
| Glutamine (μmol/l) | 468 ± 35 | 375 ± 25 | 471 ± 22 | 404 ± 22 | −19 ± 2 | −15 ± 1 | |||
| Alanine (μmol/l) | 276 ± 32 | 238 ± 14 | 306 ± 16 | 281 ± 10 | −8 ± 5 | −5 ± 3 | |||
| Endogenous leucine flux (μmol · kg LBM−1 · h−1) | 155 ± 10 | 136 ± 9 | 165 ± 5 | 137 ± 4 | −12 ± 1 | −17 ± 1 | |||
| Protein oxidation (mg · kg LBM−1 · min−1) | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.08 | 0.98 ± 0.04 | 0.71 ± 0.05 | −35 ± 8 | −29 ± 4 | |||
| . | Offspring . | . | Normal subjects . | . | % change . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Basal . | Insulin . | Basal . | Insulin . | Offspring . | Normal Subjects . | |||
| Glucose metabolism | |||||||||
| Plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 5.00 ± 0.08 | 4.98 ± 0.16 | 5.06 ± 0.04 | 4.98 ± 0.17 | — | — | |||
| Endogenous glucose production (mg · kg−1 · min) | 2.12 ± 0.06 | 0.40 ± 0.13 | 2.31 ± 0.07 | 0.48 ± 0.13 | −82 ± 5 | −80 ± 6 | |||
| Glucose disposal (mg · kg LBM−1 · min−1)* | 3.14 ± 0.07 | 7.09 ± 0.53† | 3.29 ± 0.11 | 9.89 ± 0.60 | +73 ± 6‡ | +200 ± 14 | |||
| Glucose oxidation (mg · kg LBM−1 · min−1) | 1.99 ± 0.19 | 3.27 ± 0.32 | 2.04 ± 0.11 | 3.66 ± 0.25 | +190 ± 28 | +188 ± 15 | |||
| Nonoxidative glucose disp (mg · kg LBM−1 · min−1) | — | 3.85 ± 0.86§ | — | 6.23 ± 0.23 | — | — | |||
| Protein metabolism | |||||||||
| Leucine (μmol/l) | 119 ± 6 | 73 ± 5 | 109 ± 4 | 68 ± 2 | −38 ± 2 | −37 ± 1 | |||
| α-Ketoisocaproate (μmol/l) | 30 ± 4 | 18 ± 2 | 47 ± 8 | 31 ± 5 | −36 ± 9 | −29 ± 6 | |||
| Phenylalanine (μmol/l) | 53 ± 3 | 41 ± 2 | 51 ± 1 | 39 ± 1 | −23 ± 2 | −24 ± 1 | |||
| Glutamine (μmol/l) | 468 ± 35 | 375 ± 25 | 471 ± 22 | 404 ± 22 | −19 ± 2 | −15 ± 1 | |||
| Alanine (μmol/l) | 276 ± 32 | 238 ± 14 | 306 ± 16 | 281 ± 10 | −8 ± 5 | −5 ± 3 | |||
| Endogenous leucine flux (μmol · kg LBM−1 · h−1) | 155 ± 10 | 136 ± 9 | 165 ± 5 | 137 ± 4 | −12 ± 1 | −17 ± 1 | |||
| Protein oxidation (mg · kg LBM−1 · min−1) | 0.97 ± 0.06 | 0.62 ± 0.08 | 0.98 ± 0.04 | 0.71 ± 0.05 | −35 ± 8 | −29 ± 4 | |||
Data are means ± SE.
Significant main effect of group (P = 0.04) and significant main effect of insulin (P < 0.01) but no significant main effect of group-by-insulin interaction (P = 0.26).
P < 0.05 vs. normal subjects (ANOVA for repeated-measures Tukey’s post hoc test).
P < 0.01 vs. normal subjects (Student’s unpaired t test and Bonferroni correction). Significant main effect of insulin (P < 0.05) was found for all parameters with the exception of plasma glucose and alanine.
P < 0.05 vs. normal subjects (Student’s unpaired t test and Bonferroni correction). LBM, lean body mass.