Clinical, echocardiographic, and hemodynamic data based on LVMI
| Variable . | LVMI first tertile . | LVMI second tertile . | LVMI third tertile . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| Age (years) | 62 ± 8 | 58 ± 6 | 59 ± 6 | 0.05 |
| Height (cm) | 168.2 ± 8.4 | 168.4 ± 11.1 | 167.6 ± 10.5 | 0.94 |
| Type 2 diabetes duration (years) | 11 ± 9 | 9 ± 9 | 14 ± 11 | 0.23 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.1 ± 1.9 | 7.7 ± 2.0 | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 0.50 |
| HOMA-IR | 9.0 ± 12.6 | 7.2 ± 4.0 | 11.9 ± 14.7 | 0.34 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 0.05 |
| LVMI (g/m2.7) | 33.3 ± 4.8 | 45.0 ± 3.1 | 62.6 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| LVM (g) | 137 ± 31 | 186 ± 37 | 251 ± 47 | <0.001 |
| Ca2+ channel blocker use (%) | 10 | 17 | 40 | 0.02 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 89 ± 11 | 94 ± 8 | 93 ± 10 | 0.12 |
| Brachial blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic | 119 ± 14 | 125 ± 11 | 129 ± 14 | 0.03 |
| Diastolic | 74 ± 10 | 79 ± 9 | 76 ± 11 | 0.08 |
| Pulse pressure | 45 ± 10 | 47 ± 10 | 53 ± 16 | 0.003 |
| Central blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic | 108 ± 13 | 116 ± 10 | 119 ± 13 | 0.005 |
| Diastolic | 75 ± 10 | 81 ± 9 | 77 ± 11 | 0.03 |
| Pulse pressure | 33 ± 9 | 36 ± 10 | 42 ± 15 | <0.001 |
| Augmentation pressure (mmHg) | 5.8 ± 7.1 | 5.9 ± 4.0 | 8.3 ± 5.5 | 0.02 |
| Amplification of pulse pressure (ratio) | 1.39 ± 0.18 | 1.32 ± 0.15 | 1.28 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
| Brachial artery reactivity (% change) | ||||
| Hyperemia | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.14 |
| Nitroglycerine | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.15 ± 0.08 | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.10 |
| Carotid intima media thickness (mm) | 0.71 ± 0.14 | 0.68 ± 0.11 | 0.67 ± 0.09 | 0.45 |
| Total arterial compliance (ml/mmHg) | 1.15 ± 0.46 | 1.18 ± 0.53 | 1.13 ± 0.57 | 0.04 |
| Variable . | LVMI first tertile . | LVMI second tertile . | LVMI third tertile . | P value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 30 | 30 | 30 | |
| Age (years) | 62 ± 8 | 58 ± 6 | 59 ± 6 | 0.05 |
| Height (cm) | 168.2 ± 8.4 | 168.4 ± 11.1 | 167.6 ± 10.5 | 0.94 |
| Type 2 diabetes duration (years) | 11 ± 9 | 9 ± 9 | 14 ± 11 | 0.23 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.1 ± 1.9 | 7.7 ± 2.0 | 7.7 ± 1.3 | 0.50 |
| HOMA-IR | 9.0 ± 12.6 | 7.2 ± 4.0 | 11.9 ± 14.7 | 0.34 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.4 ± 0.8 | 2.0 ± 1.1 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 0.05 |
| LVMI (g/m2.7) | 33.3 ± 4.8 | 45.0 ± 3.1 | 62.6 ± 11.4 | <0.001 |
| LVM (g) | 137 ± 31 | 186 ± 37 | 251 ± 47 | <0.001 |
| Ca2+ channel blocker use (%) | 10 | 17 | 40 | 0.02 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 89 ± 11 | 94 ± 8 | 93 ± 10 | 0.12 |
| Brachial blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic | 119 ± 14 | 125 ± 11 | 129 ± 14 | 0.03 |
| Diastolic | 74 ± 10 | 79 ± 9 | 76 ± 11 | 0.08 |
| Pulse pressure | 45 ± 10 | 47 ± 10 | 53 ± 16 | 0.003 |
| Central blood pressure (mmHg) | ||||
| Systolic | 108 ± 13 | 116 ± 10 | 119 ± 13 | 0.005 |
| Diastolic | 75 ± 10 | 81 ± 9 | 77 ± 11 | 0.03 |
| Pulse pressure | 33 ± 9 | 36 ± 10 | 42 ± 15 | <0.001 |
| Augmentation pressure (mmHg) | 5.8 ± 7.1 | 5.9 ± 4.0 | 8.3 ± 5.5 | 0.02 |
| Amplification of pulse pressure (ratio) | 1.39 ± 0.18 | 1.32 ± 0.15 | 1.28 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
| Brachial artery reactivity (% change) | ||||
| Hyperemia | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.05 ± 0.04 | 0.04 ± 0.05 | 0.14 |
| Nitroglycerine | 0.15 ± 0.09 | 0.15 ± 0.08 | 0.12 ± 0.06 | 0.10 |
| Carotid intima media thickness (mm) | 0.71 ± 0.14 | 0.68 ± 0.11 | 0.67 ± 0.09 | 0.45 |
| Total arterial compliance (ml/mmHg) | 1.15 ± 0.46 | 1.18 ± 0.53 | 1.13 ± 0.57 | 0.04 |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise indicated. Clinical variables were analyzed by ANOVA. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic data were analyzed by ANCOVA with age, serum triglycerides, and Ca2+ channel blocker use as the covariates. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance.