American Diabetes Association

Table 3—

Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors associated with diabetic nephropathy

	Simple			Multiple
		Estimate	P	Estimate	P	95% CI
Age	0.015 ± 0.002	<0.0001	—	NS	—
Sex	−0.082 ± 0.050	0.104	—	NS	—
Duration of diabetes	0.048 ± 0.003	<0.0001	0.034 ± 0.003	<0.0001	0.027–0.040
BMI	−0.012 ± 0.007	0.079	—	NS	—
WHR	0.718 ± 0.318	0.024	—	NS	—
Smoking	0.039 ± 0.062	0.525	—	NS	—
SBP	0.014 ± 0.001	<0.0001	0.010 ± 0.001	<0.0001	0.008–0.012
DBP	0.012 ± 0.002	<0.0001	—	NS	—
Fasting glucose	0.003 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.001 ± 0.000	0.001	0.001–0.002
A1C	0.064 ± 0.011	<0.0001	—	NS	—
Total cholesterol	0.002 ± 0.001	<0.0001	0.002 ± 0.001	<0.0001	0.001–0.003
Triglycerides	0.292 ± 0.041	<0.0001	—	NS	—
HDL cholesterol	−0.008 ± 0.002	<0.0001	−0.008 ± 0.002	<0.0001	−0.012 to −0.005
LDL cholesterol	0.002 ± 0.001	0.001	—	NS	—
WBC count	0.111 ± 0.014	<0.0001	0.063 ± 0.017	0.0002	0.029–0.097
Neutrophil count	0.000 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.000 ± 0.000	<0.001	0.000–0.000
Monocyte count	0.001 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.001 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.000–0.001
Lymphocyte count	−0.000 ± 0.000	<0.0001	−0.000 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.000–0.000
Eosinophil count	0.001 ± 0.000	0.0002	—	NS	—
Basophil count	0.003 ± 0.001	0.039	—	NS	—

	Simple			Multiple
		Estimate	P	Estimate	P	95% CI
Age	0.015 ± 0.002	<0.0001	—	NS	—
Sex	−0.082 ± 0.050	0.104	—	NS	—
Duration of diabetes	0.048 ± 0.003	<0.0001	0.034 ± 0.003	<0.0001	0.027–0.040
BMI	−0.012 ± 0.007	0.079	—	NS	—
WHR	0.718 ± 0.318	0.024	—	NS	—
Smoking	0.039 ± 0.062	0.525	—	NS	—
SBP	0.014 ± 0.001	<0.0001	0.010 ± 0.001	<0.0001	0.008–0.012
DBP	0.012 ± 0.002	<0.0001	—	NS	—
Fasting glucose	0.003 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.001 ± 0.000	0.001	0.001–0.002
A1C	0.064 ± 0.011	<0.0001	—	NS	—
Total cholesterol	0.002 ± 0.001	<0.0001	0.002 ± 0.001	<0.0001	0.001–0.003
Triglycerides	0.292 ± 0.041	<0.0001	—	NS	—
HDL cholesterol	−0.008 ± 0.002	<0.0001	−0.008 ± 0.002	<0.0001	−0.012 to −0.005
LDL cholesterol	0.002 ± 0.001	0.001	—	NS	—
WBC count	0.111 ± 0.014	<0.0001	0.063 ± 0.017	0.0002	0.029–0.097
Neutrophil count	0.000 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.000 ± 0.000	<0.001	0.000–0.000
Monocyte count	0.001 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.001 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.000–0.001
Lymphocyte count	−0.000 ± 0.000	<0.0001	−0.000 ± 0.000	<0.0001	0.000–0.000
Eosinophil count	0.001 ± 0.000	0.0002	—	NS	—
Basophil count	0.003 ± 0.001	0.039	—	NS	—

Data are means ± SE. In multiple linear stepwise regression analysis, all covariates were used for analysis (r²=0.280, n = 1,480). NS, variable not accepted as significant for stepwise analysis.

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