Changes in body composition, regional fat, muscle lipid, and serum lipids during the exercise program
| . | Baseline . | Two to four bouts . | Program end . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometry | |||
| Weight (kg) | 94.1 ± 2.0 | 94.1 ± 2.0 | 92.8 ± 2.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 0.7 | 30.8 ± 0.7 | 30.4 ± 0.8 |
| Waist (cm) | 105.0 ± 1.5 | 105.0 ± 1.5 | 103.0 ± 2.0*† |
| DXA | |||
| FFM (kg) | |||
| Total | 62.0 ± 1.3 | — | 62.6 ± 1.3 |
| Limb | 29.5 ± 0.7 | — | 30.1 ± 0.8* |
| Fat (kg) | |||
| Total | 32.3 ± 1.5 | — | 30.9 ± 1.5* |
| Central abdominal | 2.37 ± 0.10 | — | 2.25 ± 0.10* |
| Limb | 13.2 ± 0.7 | — | 12.8 ± 0.7 |
| Central abdominal–to–limb fat ratio | 0.184 ± 0.008 | — | 0.181 ± 0.008 |
| Abdominal MRI | |||
| TAT (l) | 6.11 ± 0.32 | — | 5.81 ± 0.34* |
| SAT (l) | 3.88 ± 0.31 | — | 3.70 ± 0.31* |
| VAT (l) | 2.23 ± 0.12 | — | 2.11 ± 0.12 |
| VAT-to-SAT ratio | 0.63 ± 0.05 | — | 0.62 ± 0.05 |
| VAT–to–limb fat ratio (ml/g) | 0.178 ± 0.014 | — | 0.173 ± 0.013 |
| Serum lipids | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.84 ± 0.22 | 4.63 ± 0.21 | 4.35 ± 0.21*† |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.78 ± 0.04 | 0.81 ± 0.05 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)‡ | 2.35 ± 0.59 | 1.60 ± 0.22§ | 1.50 ± 0.15 |
| Free fatty acids (mmol/l) | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.03 |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/l) | 1.07 ± 0.05 | NA | 1.03 ± 0.05 |
| 1H-MRS | |||
| Intramyocellular lipid (IMCH2-to- creatine ratio) | |||
| Soleus | 11.1 ± 0.8 | 11.7 ± 0.8 | 11.6 ± 0.8 |
| Tibialis anterior | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.7 |
| Vastus lateralis biopsy | |||
| Muscle triglyceride (μmol/g dry wt) | 36.6 ± 4.9 | 27.5 ± 3.3 | 28.9 ± 3.8 |
| Muscle LCAC (nmol/g wet wt) | 3.77 ± 0.29 | 3.44 ± 0.27 | 3.26 ± 0.33 |
| . | Baseline . | Two to four bouts . | Program end . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropometry | |||
| Weight (kg) | 94.1 ± 2.0 | 94.1 ± 2.0 | 92.8 ± 2.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 30.9 ± 0.7 | 30.8 ± 0.7 | 30.4 ± 0.8 |
| Waist (cm) | 105.0 ± 1.5 | 105.0 ± 1.5 | 103.0 ± 2.0*† |
| DXA | |||
| FFM (kg) | |||
| Total | 62.0 ± 1.3 | — | 62.6 ± 1.3 |
| Limb | 29.5 ± 0.7 | — | 30.1 ± 0.8* |
| Fat (kg) | |||
| Total | 32.3 ± 1.5 | — | 30.9 ± 1.5* |
| Central abdominal | 2.37 ± 0.10 | — | 2.25 ± 0.10* |
| Limb | 13.2 ± 0.7 | — | 12.8 ± 0.7 |
| Central abdominal–to–limb fat ratio | 0.184 ± 0.008 | — | 0.181 ± 0.008 |
| Abdominal MRI | |||
| TAT (l) | 6.11 ± 0.32 | — | 5.81 ± 0.34* |
| SAT (l) | 3.88 ± 0.31 | — | 3.70 ± 0.31* |
| VAT (l) | 2.23 ± 0.12 | — | 2.11 ± 0.12 |
| VAT-to-SAT ratio | 0.63 ± 0.05 | — | 0.62 ± 0.05 |
| VAT–to–limb fat ratio (ml/g) | 0.178 ± 0.014 | — | 0.173 ± 0.013 |
| Serum lipids | |||
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.84 ± 0.22 | 4.63 ± 0.21 | 4.35 ± 0.21*† |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 0.77 ± 0.04 | 0.78 ± 0.04 | 0.81 ± 0.05 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l)‡ | 2.35 ± 0.59 | 1.60 ± 0.22§ | 1.50 ± 0.15 |
| Free fatty acids (mmol/l) | 0.42 ± 0.03 | 0.42 ± 0.02 | 0.45 ± 0.03 |
| Apolipoprotein B (g/l) | 1.07 ± 0.05 | NA | 1.03 ± 0.05 |
| 1H-MRS | |||
| Intramyocellular lipid (IMCH2-to- creatine ratio) | |||
| Soleus | 11.1 ± 0.8 | 11.7 ± 0.8 | 11.6 ± 0.8 |
| Tibialis anterior | 6.1 ± 0.8 | 5.7 ± 0.8 | 5.5 ± 0.7 |
| Vastus lateralis biopsy | |||
| Muscle triglyceride (μmol/g dry wt) | 36.6 ± 4.9 | 27.5 ± 3.3 | 28.9 ± 3.8 |
| Muscle LCAC (nmol/g wet wt) | 3.77 ± 0.29 | 3.44 ± 0.27 | 3.26 ± 0.33 |
Data are mean ± SE.
P < 0.05 for program end vs. baseline;
P < 0.05 for program end vs. two to four bouts;
serum triglycerides were log-transformed for statistical tests;
P < 0.05 for two to four bouts vs. baseline.