Criterion validity: the associations of PIN and IPQ-R scales with past foot ulceration, preventive foot self-care, and avoidance of potentially foot-damaging behaviors
| Scales . | β . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Past foot ulceration . | Preventive foot self-care . | Foot-damaging behaviors . | ||
| PIN_ID1: good circulation = healthy feet | −0.19* | −0.10† | 0.13‡ | ||
| PIN_ID2: accurate interpretation of DPN | 0.00 | 0.15‡ | 0.03 | ||
| PIN_ID3: foot ulcers would be painful | 0.39* | −0.15‡ | 0.22* | ||
| PIN_C1: physical causes of foot ulcers | 0.26* | 0.23* | −0.10† | ||
| PIN_C2: self/practitioner blame | −0.04 | −0.05 | 0.02 | ||
| PIN_TL: acute foot ulcer onset | 0.45* | 0.23* | −0.18* | ||
| PIN_CC1: efficacy of foot self-care | −0.00 | 0.14‡ | 0.00 | ||
| PIN_CC2: practitioner–foot ulcer control | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.05 | ||
| PIN_Cons: anticipated consequences | 0.12‡ | 0.20* | −0.07 | ||
| PIN_Em1: worry about consequences | 0.18* | 0.13‡ | −0.02 | ||
| PIN_Em2: anger at practitioners | 0.04 | −0.10† | 0.01 | ||
| IPQ-R chronicity | 0.06 | 0.10† | −0.07 | ||
| IPQ-R experienced consequences | 0.18* | 0.19* | −0.06 | ||
| IPQ-R personal control | −0.03 | −0.05 | 0.05 | ||
| IPQ-R treatment control | 0.07 | −0.03 | 0.08 | ||
| IPQ-R emotions | −0.02 | 0.10† | 0.08 | ||
| IPQ-R coherence | 0.05 | 0.04 | −0.12† | ||
| IPQ-R cyclical | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.13‡ | ||
| Scales . | β . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Past foot ulceration . | Preventive foot self-care . | Foot-damaging behaviors . | ||
| PIN_ID1: good circulation = healthy feet | −0.19* | −0.10† | 0.13‡ | ||
| PIN_ID2: accurate interpretation of DPN | 0.00 | 0.15‡ | 0.03 | ||
| PIN_ID3: foot ulcers would be painful | 0.39* | −0.15‡ | 0.22* | ||
| PIN_C1: physical causes of foot ulcers | 0.26* | 0.23* | −0.10† | ||
| PIN_C2: self/practitioner blame | −0.04 | −0.05 | 0.02 | ||
| PIN_TL: acute foot ulcer onset | 0.45* | 0.23* | −0.18* | ||
| PIN_CC1: efficacy of foot self-care | −0.00 | 0.14‡ | 0.00 | ||
| PIN_CC2: practitioner–foot ulcer control | 0.01 | −0.01 | 0.05 | ||
| PIN_Cons: anticipated consequences | 0.12‡ | 0.20* | −0.07 | ||
| PIN_Em1: worry about consequences | 0.18* | 0.13‡ | −0.02 | ||
| PIN_Em2: anger at practitioners | 0.04 | −0.10† | 0.01 | ||
| IPQ-R chronicity | 0.06 | 0.10† | −0.07 | ||
| IPQ-R experienced consequences | 0.18* | 0.19* | −0.06 | ||
| IPQ-R personal control | −0.03 | −0.05 | 0.05 | ||
| IPQ-R treatment control | 0.07 | −0.03 | 0.08 | ||
| IPQ-R emotions | −0.02 | 0.10† | 0.08 | ||
| IPQ-R coherence | 0.05 | 0.04 | −0.12† | ||
| IPQ-R cyclical | −0.01 | 0.03 | 0.13‡ | ||
Each cell represents a separate analysis. Cell entries are standardized regression (β) coefficients, controlling for country, age, sex, education, marital status, type of diabetes, and diabetes complications other than neuropathy and concomitant diseases.
P < 0.001;
P < 0.05;
P < 0.01.