Multivariate analyses for the association of hyperglycemia and diabetes with inflammation
| . | Risk of high inflammation level associated with diabetes and hyperglycemic status . | . | . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | n . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | |||
| Diabetes | |||||||
| High IL-6 | 458 | 1.95 (1.56–2.44) | 1.69 (1.33–2.13) | 1.59 (1.25–2.03) | |||
| High TNF-α | 478 | 1.88 (1.51–2.35) | 1.6 (1.26–2.02) | 1.51 (1.19–1.93) | |||
| High CRP | |||||||
| Men | 186 | 1.45 (1.03–2.04) | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 1.10 (0.76–1.61) | |||
| Women | 287 | 2.90 (2.13–3.95) | 2.25 (1.60–3.16) | 2.21 (1.54–3.17) | |||
| Inflammation index | |||||||
| ≥2 high | 388 | 4.41 (3.16–6.16) | 2.85 (2.01–4.05) | 2.58 (1.79–3.72) | |||
| Intermediate | 1,125 | 1.99 (1.49–2.65) | 1.50 (1.11–2.03) | 1.40 (1.03–1.91) | |||
| Low | 383 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| IFG/IGT | |||||||
| High IL-6 | 456 | 1.51 (1.21–1.87) | 1.38 (1.11–1.73) | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) | |||
| High TNF-α | 457 | 1.14 (0.92–1.42) | 1.09 (0.88–1.36) | 1.07 (0.85–1.34) | |||
| High CRP | 446 | 1.33 (1.07–1.66) | 1.13 (0.89–1.42) | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | |||
| Inflammation index | |||||||
| ≥2 high | 349 | 1.66 (1.24–2.22) | 1.28 (0.95–1.74) | 1.26 (0.92–1.72) | |||
| Intermediate | 1,219 | 1.20 (0.96–1.51) | 0.98 (0.78–1.25) | 1.00 (0.78–1.27) | |||
| Low | 465 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| . | Risk of high inflammation level associated with diabetes and hyperglycemic status . | . | . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | n . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | |||
| Diabetes | |||||||
| High IL-6 | 458 | 1.95 (1.56–2.44) | 1.69 (1.33–2.13) | 1.59 (1.25–2.03) | |||
| High TNF-α | 478 | 1.88 (1.51–2.35) | 1.6 (1.26–2.02) | 1.51 (1.19–1.93) | |||
| High CRP | |||||||
| Men | 186 | 1.45 (1.03–2.04) | 1.17 (0.82–1.68) | 1.10 (0.76–1.61) | |||
| Women | 287 | 2.90 (2.13–3.95) | 2.25 (1.60–3.16) | 2.21 (1.54–3.17) | |||
| Inflammation index | |||||||
| ≥2 high | 388 | 4.41 (3.16–6.16) | 2.85 (2.01–4.05) | 2.58 (1.79–3.72) | |||
| Intermediate | 1,125 | 1.99 (1.49–2.65) | 1.50 (1.11–2.03) | 1.40 (1.03–1.91) | |||
| Low | 383 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| IFG/IGT | |||||||
| High IL-6 | 456 | 1.51 (1.21–1.87) | 1.38 (1.11–1.73) | 1.37 (1.09–1.72) | |||
| High TNF-α | 457 | 1.14 (0.92–1.42) | 1.09 (0.88–1.36) | 1.07 (0.85–1.34) | |||
| High CRP | 446 | 1.33 (1.07–1.66) | 1.13 (0.89–1.42) | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) | |||
| Inflammation index | |||||||
| ≥2 high | 349 | 1.66 (1.24–2.22) | 1.28 (0.95–1.74) | 1.26 (0.92–1.72) | |||
| Intermediate | 1,219 | 1.20 (0.96–1.51) | 0.98 (0.78–1.25) | 1.00 (0.78–1.27) | |||
| Low | 465 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| . | Relationship between glycemic control (A1C) and inflammation in diabetes . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | ||
| High CRP | 1.17 (1.04–1.32) | 1.16 (1.03–1.32) | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | ||
| High IL-6 | 1.12 (1.00–1.26) | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) | ||
| High TNF-α | 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | 1.11 (0.98–1.25) | 1.10 (0.97–1.26) | ||
| . | Relationship between glycemic control (A1C) and inflammation in diabetes . | . | . | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Model 1 . | Model 2 . | Model 3 . | ||
| High CRP | 1.17 (1.04–1.32) | 1.16 (1.03–1.32) | 1.15 (1.01–1.32) | ||
| High IL-6 | 1.12 (1.00–1.26) | 1.11 (0.99–1.25) | 1.07 (0.94–1.23) | ||
| High TNF-α | 1.13 (1.01–1.27) | 1.11 (0.98–1.25) | 1.10 (0.97–1.26) | ||
Data are OR of high levels of inflammatory marker (95% CI). For risk of high inflammation level associated with diabetes and hyperglycemic status, model 1 is adjusted on age, sex, race, smoking status, alcohol intake, education, and site. Model 2 adds total body fat, visceral fat, and height. Model 3 adds cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, renal insufficiency, arthritis, pulmonary disease, anti-inflammatory, statin, and estrogen use. For relationship between glycemic control and inflammation in diabetes, models 1 and 2 are the same and model 3 adds diabetes duration.