Logistic regression in 4,151 type 1 diabetic patients, followed from 1997 to 2004, with either long-term successful or deteriorating glycemic control or successful blood pressure (BP) control as dependent variables and with clinical characteristics in 1997 as predictors
| . | A1C <7.3% 1997–2004 vs. A1C ≥7.3% 1997–2004 . | . | A1C 1997 < 2004 vs. A1C 1997 ≥ 2004 . | . | BP ≤130/80 1997–2004 vs. BP >130/80 1997–2004 . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Means ± SD . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | Means ± SD . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | Means ± SD . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | |||
| n | 620 vs. 3,531 | 1,837 vs. 2,314 | 1,763 vs. 2,388 | ||||||
| Continuous predictors* | |||||||||
| Age | 37.9 ± 12.8 38.5 ± 11.9 | 1.23 (0.87–1.75), 1.4 | 37.9 ± 12.1† 38.9 ± 12.0 | 0.76 (0.59–0.98), 4.6‡ | 33.2 ± 9.8§ 42.3 ± 12.2 | 0.22 (0.17–0.29), 114§ | |||
| Diabetes duration | 21.5 ± 14.3§ 23.4 ± 12.5 | 0.66 (0.46–0.94), 5.2‡ | 22.4 ± 13.3† 23.7 ± 12,4 | 0.97 (0.75–1.26), 0.05 | 18.2 ± 10.8§ 26.7 ± 13.0 | 0.52 (0.40–0.69), 21.2§ | |||
| BMI 1997 | 24.3 ± 3.2§ 24.9 ± 3.3 | 0.53 (0.42–0.68), 27.0§ | 24.9 ± 3.3 24.8 ± 3.3 | 1.15 (0.98–1.36), 2.8 | 24.3 ± 3.0§ 25.2 ± 3.4 | 0.49 (0.41–0.59), 56.4§ | |||
| BMI 2004 − BMI 1997 | 0.52 ± 1.82 0.61 ± 2.10 | 0.81 (0.64–1.03), 2.8 | 0.46 ± 1.98§ 0.71 ± 2.12 | 0.62 (0.53–0.74), 30.1§ | 0.58 ± 1.90 0.61 ± 2.17 | 0.73 (0.61–0.88), 10.9§ | |||
| . | A1C <7.3% 1997–2004 vs. A1C ≥7.3% 1997–2004 . | . | A1C 1997 < 2004 vs. A1C 1997 ≥ 2004 . | . | BP ≤130/80 1997–2004 vs. BP >130/80 1997–2004 . | . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Means ± SD . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | Means ± SD . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | Means ± SD . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | |||
| n | 620 vs. 3,531 | 1,837 vs. 2,314 | 1,763 vs. 2,388 | ||||||
| Continuous predictors* | |||||||||
| Age | 37.9 ± 12.8 38.5 ± 11.9 | 1.23 (0.87–1.75), 1.4 | 37.9 ± 12.1† 38.9 ± 12.0 | 0.76 (0.59–0.98), 4.6‡ | 33.2 ± 9.8§ 42.3 ± 12.2 | 0.22 (0.17–0.29), 114§ | |||
| Diabetes duration | 21.5 ± 14.3§ 23.4 ± 12.5 | 0.66 (0.46–0.94), 5.2‡ | 22.4 ± 13.3† 23.7 ± 12,4 | 0.97 (0.75–1.26), 0.05 | 18.2 ± 10.8§ 26.7 ± 13.0 | 0.52 (0.40–0.69), 21.2§ | |||
| BMI 1997 | 24.3 ± 3.2§ 24.9 ± 3.3 | 0.53 (0.42–0.68), 27.0§ | 24.9 ± 3.3 24.8 ± 3.3 | 1.15 (0.98–1.36), 2.8 | 24.3 ± 3.0§ 25.2 ± 3.4 | 0.49 (0.41–0.59), 56.4§ | |||
| BMI 2004 − BMI 1997 | 0.52 ± 1.82 0.61 ± 2.10 | 0.81 (0.64–1.03), 2.8 | 0.46 ± 1.98§ 0.71 ± 2.12 | 0.62 (0.53–0.74), 30.1§ | 0.58 ± 1.90 0.61 ± 2.17 | 0.73 (0.61–0.88), 10.9§ | |||
| . | % . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | % . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | % . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal predictors | ||||||
| Male sex | 58.2† 52.7 | 1.30 (1.08–1.55), 8.3† | 54.5 52.8 | 1.09 (0.97–1.24), 2.0 | 47.4§ 58.0 | 0.62 (0.54–0.71), 45.6§ |
| Smoker 1997 | 9.8§ 16.5 | 0.60 (0.44–0.79), 12.6§ | 15.2 15.8 | 1.03 (0.87–1.23), 0.11 | 14.5 16.3 | 1.12 (0.92–1.36), 1.3 |
| Microalbuminuria 1997 | 8.1§ 17.2 | 0.47 (0.34–0.64), 21.9§ | 14.5‡ 16.9 | 0.85 (0.71–1.02), 3.1 | 8.6§ 21.2 | 0.45 (0.36–0.56), 53.7§ |
| . | % . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | % . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . | % . | OR (95% CI), χ2 value . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominal predictors | ||||||
| Male sex | 58.2† 52.7 | 1.30 (1.08–1.55), 8.3† | 54.5 52.8 | 1.09 (0.97–1.24), 2.0 | 47.4§ 58.0 | 0.62 (0.54–0.71), 45.6§ |
| Smoker 1997 | 9.8§ 16.5 | 0.60 (0.44–0.79), 12.6§ | 15.2 15.8 | 1.03 (0.87–1.23), 0.11 | 14.5 16.3 | 1.12 (0.92–1.36), 1.3 |
| Microalbuminuria 1997 | 8.1§ 17.2 | 0.47 (0.34–0.64), 21.9§ | 14.5‡ 16.9 | 0.85 (0.71–1.02), 3.1 | 8.6§ 21.2 | 0.45 (0.36–0.56), 53.7§ |
The odds ratio (OR) for each predictor was adjusted for all other predictors in the table and for use of antihypertensive drugs 1997–2004.
The OR for each continuous predictor was the result of an increase in quartiles of this predictor. Significance levels:
P < 0.01;
P < 0.05;
P < 0.001.