Associations between psychosocial factors with the risk over 15 years of follow-up of developing the metabolic syndrome via the WHO, the ATP III, and the IDF clinical criteria
| Psychosocial factors . | WHO . | ATP III . | IDF . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.43 (1.00–2.03) | 1.35 (1.10–1.65) | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) |
| Full model | 1.27 (0.89–1.80) | 1.29 (1.04–1.60) | 1.16 (0.96–1.40) |
| Trait anger | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 1.32 (1.09–1.58) | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) |
| Full model | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | 1.30 (1.08–1.57) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) |
| Trait anxiety | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.19 (0.85–1.67) | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) |
| Full model | 1.08 (0.76–1.54) | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 1.04 (0.87–1.25) |
| Framingham tension | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.25 (0.91–1.71) | 1.24 (1.03–1.50) | 1.19 (1.00–1.41) |
| Full model | 1.19 (0.86–1.64) | 1.22 (1.00–1.48) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) |
| Perceived stress | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.66 (1.15–2.39) | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 1.12 (0.93–1.34) |
| Full model | 1.54 (1.07–2.32) | 1.17 (0.95–1.43) | 1.09 (0.91–1.30) |
| None/mild vs. at least one very severe stressful life event | |||
| Unadjusted | 2.12 (1.06–4.25) | 1.49 (1.00–2.23) | 1.40 (0.98–2.01) |
| Full model | 2.19 (1.08–4.45) | 1.51 (1.00–2.27) | 1.41 (0.98–2.03) |
| Psychosocial factors . | WHO . | ATP III . | IDF . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.43 (1.00–2.03) | 1.35 (1.10–1.65) | 1.21 (1.01–1.44) |
| Full model | 1.27 (0.89–1.80) | 1.29 (1.04–1.60) | 1.16 (0.96–1.40) |
| Trait anger | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.20 (0.88–1.64) | 1.32 (1.09–1.58) | 1.20 (1.02–1.42) |
| Full model | 1.14 (0.84–1.55) | 1.30 (1.08–1.57) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) |
| Trait anxiety | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.19 (0.85–1.67) | 1.06 (0.87–1.29) | 1.05 (0.88–1.26) |
| Full model | 1.08 (0.76–1.54) | 1.07 (0.87–1.32) | 1.04 (0.87–1.25) |
| Framingham tension | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.25 (0.91–1.71) | 1.24 (1.03–1.50) | 1.19 (1.00–1.41) |
| Full model | 1.19 (0.86–1.64) | 1.22 (1.00–1.48) | 1.18 (0.99–1.40) |
| Perceived stress | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.66 (1.15–2.39) | 1.19 (0.97–1.46) | 1.12 (0.93–1.34) |
| Full model | 1.54 (1.07–2.32) | 1.17 (0.95–1.43) | 1.09 (0.91–1.30) |
| None/mild vs. at least one very severe stressful life event | |||
| Unadjusted | 2.12 (1.06–4.25) | 1.49 (1.00–2.23) | 1.40 (0.98–2.01) |
| Full model | 2.19 (1.08–4.45) | 1.51 (1.00–2.27) | 1.41 (0.98–2.03) |
Data are RR (95% CI), adjusted for age, physical activity, alcohol consumption, current smoking status, use of HRT, and level of education. RR indicates relative risk in Cox proportional hazards model. Psychosocial factors were log-transformed (log + 1 for scales involving 0) where appropriate, and continuous scores were standardized to allow comparability between scales.