Results of pain perception and 6-min walk tests
| . | Reiki group . | Mimic-Reiki group . | P for two groups* . | Usual-care group . | P for three groups* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | |||||
| Baseline | 88† | 83† | 26 | ||
| 12 weeks | 76 | 66 | 18 | ||
| Total pain‡ | |||||
| Baseline | 16.5 ± 10.3 (15.7 ± 9.8) | 16.2 ± 10.5 (16 ± 10.9) | 15.4 ± 10.1 (15.3 ± 4.6) | ||
| 12 weeks | 12.9 ± 9.7 | 13.6 ± 9.7 | 0.601 | 13.6 ± 11.4 | 0.847 |
| Difference§ | 2.9 ± 7.9 | 2.3 ± 8.8 | 1.8 ± 15.0 | ||
| P‖ | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.622 | ||
| VAS¶ | |||||
| Baseline | 3.5 ± 2.8 (3.4 ± 2.7) | 3.4 ± 2.6 (3.3 ± 2.6) | 3.5 ± 2.2 (3.5 ± 2.5) | ||
| 12 weeks | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 0.935 | 2.1 ± 2.5 | 0.497 |
| Difference§ | 0.5 ± 2.7 | 0.4 ± 2.4 | 1.3 ± 2.9 | ||
| P‖ | 0.129 | 0.191 | 0.129 | ||
| PPI# | |||||
| Baseline | 1.5 ± 1.2 (1.4 ± 1.1) | 1.5 ± 1.1 (1.5 ± 1.1) | 1.4 ± 0.9 (1.5 ± 0.9) | ||
| 12 weeks | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 0.558 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.506 |
| Difference§ | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 1.4 | ||
| P‖ | 0.085 | 0.150 | 0.144 | ||
| Baseline | 89 | 86 | 25 | ||
| 12 weeks | 68 | 62 | 17 | ||
| 6-min walk (feet) | |||||
| Baseline | 1,129 ± 320 (1,164 ± 322) | 1,108 ± 324 (1,151 ± 303) | 1,110 ± 267 (1,148 ± 260) | ||
| 12 weeks | 1,266 ± 371 | 1,244 ± 344 | 0.721 | 1,176 ± 280 | 0.564 |
| Difference§ | 137 ± 343 | 136 ± 334 | 66 ± 271 | ||
| P‖ | 0.005 | 0.009 | 0.699 |
| . | Reiki group . | Mimic-Reiki group . | P for two groups* . | Usual-care group . | P for three groups* . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | |||||
| Baseline | 88† | 83† | 26 | ||
| 12 weeks | 76 | 66 | 18 | ||
| Total pain‡ | |||||
| Baseline | 16.5 ± 10.3 (15.7 ± 9.8) | 16.2 ± 10.5 (16 ± 10.9) | 15.4 ± 10.1 (15.3 ± 4.6) | ||
| 12 weeks | 12.9 ± 9.7 | 13.6 ± 9.7 | 0.601 | 13.6 ± 11.4 | 0.847 |
| Difference§ | 2.9 ± 7.9 | 2.3 ± 8.8 | 1.8 ± 15.0 | ||
| P‖ | 0.002 | 0.039 | 0.622 | ||
| VAS¶ | |||||
| Baseline | 3.5 ± 2.8 (3.4 ± 2.7) | 3.4 ± 2.6 (3.3 ± 2.6) | 3.5 ± 2.2 (3.5 ± 2.5) | ||
| 12 weeks | 2.9 ± 2.6 | 3.0 ± 2.3 | 0.935 | 2.1 ± 2.5 | 0.497 |
| Difference§ | 0.5 ± 2.7 | 0.4 ± 2.4 | 1.3 ± 2.9 | ||
| P‖ | 0.129 | 0.191 | 0.129 | ||
| PPI# | |||||
| Baseline | 1.5 ± 1.2 (1.4 ± 1.1) | 1.5 ± 1.1 (1.5 ± 1.1) | 1.4 ± 0.9 (1.5 ± 0.9) | ||
| 12 weeks | 1.1 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 1.2 | 0.558 | 1.0 ± 1.1 | 0.506 |
| Difference§ | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.2 ± 1.1 | 0.5 ± 1.4 | ||
| P‖ | 0.085 | 0.150 | 0.144 | ||
| Baseline | 89 | 86 | 25 | ||
| 12 weeks | 68 | 62 | 17 | ||
| 6-min walk (feet) | |||||
| Baseline | 1,129 ± 320 (1,164 ± 322) | 1,108 ± 324 (1,151 ± 303) | 1,110 ± 267 (1,148 ± 260) | ||
| 12 weeks | 1,266 ± 371 | 1,244 ± 344 | 0.721 | 1,176 ± 280 | 0.564 |
| Difference§ | 137 ± 343 | 136 ± 334 | 66 ± 271 | ||
| P‖ | 0.005 | 0.009 | 0.699 |
Data are means ± 1SD. Numbers in parentheses represent data from subjects who completed the study.
In each of the Reiki and Reike-mimic groups, five subjects did not complete pain questionnaires or the 6-min walk test and withdrew from the study after being randomized.
Pre/posttreatment differences are based on subjects with both pre- and posttreatment values. The sample sizes for the difference (and Student's paired t test) are equal to the number of subjects with posttreatment evaluations, given at the top of each section.
Total score of all 17 descriptors of pain on the McGill Pain Questionnaire; 0 = no pain, 3 = severe pain.
VAS, visual analogue scale (0 = no pain, 10 = maximum pain tolerated);
PPI, present pain indicator (0 = no pain, 1 = mild pain, 2 = discomforting pain, 3 = distressing pain, 4 = horrible pain, 5 = excruciating pain).
P value based on Student's paired t test of baseline versus 12-week values;
P value based on linear regression comparing 12-week means across treatment groups adjusted for baseline values.