Methods used to detect for congenital anomalies in studies of women with prepregnancy diabetes
| Year (reference) . | Method(s) described for the systematic detection of congenital anomalies . | . | . | . | Were these detection methods equally applied to all women? . | Were assessors masked as to the mother's glycemic control? . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Anatomical ultrasound in utero . | Maternal serum or amniotic fluid α-fetoprotein . | Physical examination of all infants after birth . | Autopsy of all fetal and neonatal deaths . | . | . | |||
| 1987 (6) | Some | No | Yes | No | No | NA | |||
| 1988 (7) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | |||
| 1989 (8,9) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 1989 (13) | No | No | Yes | NA | Yes | Yes | |||
| 2000 (14) | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | NA | |||
| 1991 (15) | No | No | No | No | NA | NA | |||
| 1988 (16) | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| Year (reference) . | Method(s) described for the systematic detection of congenital anomalies . | . | . | . | Were these detection methods equally applied to all women? . | Were assessors masked as to the mother's glycemic control? . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Anatomical ultrasound in utero . | Maternal serum or amniotic fluid α-fetoprotein . | Physical examination of all infants after birth . | Autopsy of all fetal and neonatal deaths . | . | . | |||
| 1987 (6) | Some | No | Yes | No | No | NA | |||
| 1988 (7) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | NA | |||
| 1989 (8,9) | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| 1989 (13) | No | No | Yes | NA | Yes | Yes | |||
| 2000 (14) | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | NA | |||
| 1991 (15) | No | No | No | No | NA | NA | |||
| 1988 (16) | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |||