Wording and statistical measures of the BIT Questionnaire items and scales in sample B
| Item number and wording . | Means ± SD . | Item selectivity . | Cronbach's α without item . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scale 1: “Fear of injections and self-testing” (α = 0.85) | 3.19 ± 2.78 | ||
| 1. I am afraid of the pain when injecting insulin. | 3.62 ± 3.33 | 0.80 | 0.70 |
| 2. Besides the pain, I am just afraid of injections. | 3.58 ± 3.50 | 0.79 | 0.72 |
| 3. I am afraid of the pain during regular blood-sugar checks. | 2.37 ± 2.64 | 0.60 | 0.89 |
| Scale 2: “Expectations regarding positive insulin-related outcomes” (α = 0.66) | 7.36 ± 1.87 | ||
| 4. Insulin works better than pills. | 8.19 ± 2.41 | 0.39 | 0.68 |
| 5. People who get insulin feel better. | 7.42 ± 2.46 | 0.53 | 0.49 |
| 6. Insulin can reliably prevent long-term complications due to diabetes. | 6.46 ± 2.38 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
| Scale 3: “Expected hardship from insulin therapy” (α = 0.81) | 4.20 ± 2.74 | ||
| 7. I just don't have enough time for regular doses of insulin. | 3.30 ± 3.04 | 0.62 | 0.78 |
| 8. I can't pay as close attention to my diet as insulin treatment requires. | 4.73 ± 3.25 | 0.67 | 0.73 |
| 9. I can't organize my day as carefully as insulin treatment requires. | 4.58 ± 3.38 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
| Scale 4: “Stigmatization by insulin injections” (α = 0.62) | 4.30 ± 2.52 | ||
| 10. Injections in public are embarrassing to me. Pills are more discreet. | 5.45 ± 3.78 | 0.42 | 0.55 |
| 11. Regular insulin treatment causes feelings of dependence. | 5.06 ± 3.46 | 0.42 | 0.53 |
| 12. When people inject insulin, it makes them feel like drug addicts. | 2.38 ± 2.70 | 0.48 | 0.49 |
| Scale 5: “Fear of hypoglycemia” (α = 0.78) | 6.21 ± 2.73 | ||
| 13. An insulin overdose can lead to extremely low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). I am afraid of the unpleasant accompanying symptoms. | 6.61 ± 2.92 | 0.64 | * |
| 14. An insulin overdose can lead to extremely low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). I have concerns about possible permanent damage to my health. | 5.81 ± 3.11 | 0.64 | * |
| BIT Questionnaire sum score (α = 0.78) | 4.17 ± 1.55 |
| Item number and wording . | Means ± SD . | Item selectivity . | Cronbach's α without item . |
|---|---|---|---|
| Scale 1: “Fear of injections and self-testing” (α = 0.85) | 3.19 ± 2.78 | ||
| 1. I am afraid of the pain when injecting insulin. | 3.62 ± 3.33 | 0.80 | 0.70 |
| 2. Besides the pain, I am just afraid of injections. | 3.58 ± 3.50 | 0.79 | 0.72 |
| 3. I am afraid of the pain during regular blood-sugar checks. | 2.37 ± 2.64 | 0.60 | 0.89 |
| Scale 2: “Expectations regarding positive insulin-related outcomes” (α = 0.66) | 7.36 ± 1.87 | ||
| 4. Insulin works better than pills. | 8.19 ± 2.41 | 0.39 | 0.68 |
| 5. People who get insulin feel better. | 7.42 ± 2.46 | 0.53 | 0.49 |
| 6. Insulin can reliably prevent long-term complications due to diabetes. | 6.46 ± 2.38 | 0.51 | 0.52 |
| Scale 3: “Expected hardship from insulin therapy” (α = 0.81) | 4.20 ± 2.74 | ||
| 7. I just don't have enough time for regular doses of insulin. | 3.30 ± 3.04 | 0.62 | 0.78 |
| 8. I can't pay as close attention to my diet as insulin treatment requires. | 4.73 ± 3.25 | 0.67 | 0.73 |
| 9. I can't organize my day as carefully as insulin treatment requires. | 4.58 ± 3.38 | 0.70 | 0.70 |
| Scale 4: “Stigmatization by insulin injections” (α = 0.62) | 4.30 ± 2.52 | ||
| 10. Injections in public are embarrassing to me. Pills are more discreet. | 5.45 ± 3.78 | 0.42 | 0.55 |
| 11. Regular insulin treatment causes feelings of dependence. | 5.06 ± 3.46 | 0.42 | 0.53 |
| 12. When people inject insulin, it makes them feel like drug addicts. | 2.38 ± 2.70 | 0.48 | 0.49 |
| Scale 5: “Fear of hypoglycemia” (α = 0.78) | 6.21 ± 2.73 | ||
| 13. An insulin overdose can lead to extremely low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). I am afraid of the unpleasant accompanying symptoms. | 6.61 ± 2.92 | 0.64 | * |
| 14. An insulin overdose can lead to extremely low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia). I have concerns about possible permanent damage to my health. | 5.81 ± 3.11 | 0.64 | * |
| BIT Questionnaire sum score (α = 0.78) | 4.17 ± 1.55 |
n = 448–449. Item selectivity = part-whole corrected item selectivity. Cronbach's α without item = Cronbach's α if item deleted.
Not applicable because scale contains only two items.