Sex-specific demographic, biological, physical activity, and behavioral characteristics of study participants
| Characteristic . | Men . | Women . | Total . | P for sex difference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 67 | 106 | 173 | |
| Age (years) | 52.7 (49.7–55.7) | 53.6 (51.4–55.9) | 53.3 (51.5–55.1) | 0.628 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 (26.8–28.7) | 26.8 (25.9–27.8) | 27.2 (26.5–27.9) | 0.187 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.2 (95.6–100.9) | 87.0 (84.8–89.2) | 91.4 (89.5–93.2) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 176.3 (175.0–177.6) | 163.4 (162.1–164.6) | 168.4 (167.1–169.7) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 5.4 (5.2–5.5) | 5.1 (5.0–5.2) | 5.2 (5.1–5.3) | <0.001 |
| 2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 6.0 (5.5–6.5) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) | 5.7 (5.5–6.0) | 0.055 |
| Plasma glucose status | ||||
| Normal glucose tolerance | 53 (79) | 96 (91) | 149 (86) | |
| Isolated IFG | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | |
| Isolated IGT | 9 (13) | 8 (8) | 17 (10) | |
| IFG and IGT | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | |
| Newly diagnosed diabetes | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | |
| Accelerometer-derived variables (average daily time in h) | ||||
| Time accelerometer worn | 14.8 (14.5–15.1) | 14.8 (14.6–15.1) | 14.8 (14.6–15.0) | 0.840 |
| Sedentary time* | 8.5 (8.2–8.8) | 8.3 (8.1–8.6) | 8.4 (8.2–8.6) | 0.283 |
| Light-intensity activity* | 5.6 (5.3–6.0) | 6.1 (5.8–6.3) | 5.8 (5.7–6.0) | 0.045 |
| Moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity* | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.5 (0.4–0.5) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | <0.001 |
| Moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity by accelerometer and diary* | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.6 (0.6–0.7) | <0.001 |
| Percent time at each activity level while accelerometer worn (%) | ||||
| Sedentary time | 57.2 (54.9–59.5) | 55.9 (54.2–57.6) | 56.6 (55.2–58.0) | 0.328 |
| Light-intensity activity | 23.0 (21.7–24.3) | 24.5 (23.5–25.5) | 23.8 (23.0–34.6) | 0.063 |
| Moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity | 4.5 (4.0–5.1) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 3.9 (3.5–4.2) | <0.001 |
| Moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity by accelerometer and diary | 5.2 (4.5–5.8) | 3.5 (3.1–4.0) | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) | <0.001 |
| Current smokers | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | 0.828 |
| Family history of diabetes | 11 (16) | 28 (26) | 39 (22) | 0.130 |
| University/further education | 44 (66) | 52 (49) | 96 (56) | 0.038 |
| Moderate/heavy alcohol drinkers | 30 (45) | 24 (3) | 54 (31) | 0.007 |
| Full-time employment | 53 (79) | 42 (40) | 95 (55) | <0.001 |
| Household income ≥$1500/week | 35 (52) | 32 (30) | 67 (39) | 0.005 |
| Characteristic . | Men . | Women . | Total . | P for sex difference . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 67 | 106 | 173 | |
| Age (years) | 52.7 (49.7–55.7) | 53.6 (51.4–55.9) | 53.3 (51.5–55.1) | 0.628 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.8 (26.8–28.7) | 26.8 (25.9–27.8) | 27.2 (26.5–27.9) | 0.187 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 98.2 (95.6–100.9) | 87.0 (84.8–89.2) | 91.4 (89.5–93.2) | <0.001 |
| Height (cm) | 176.3 (175.0–177.6) | 163.4 (162.1–164.6) | 168.4 (167.1–169.7) | <0.001 |
| FPG (mmol/l) | 5.4 (5.2–5.5) | 5.1 (5.0–5.2) | 5.2 (5.1–5.3) | <0.001 |
| 2-h plasma glucose (mmol/l) | 6.0 (5.5–6.5) | 5.6 (5.3–5.8) | 5.7 (5.5–6.0) | 0.055 |
| Plasma glucose status | ||||
| Normal glucose tolerance | 53 (79) | 96 (91) | 149 (86) | |
| Isolated IFG | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | |
| Isolated IGT | 9 (13) | 8 (8) | 17 (10) | |
| IFG and IGT | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 2 (1) | |
| Newly diagnosed diabetes | 3 (5) | 0 (0) | 3 (2) | |
| Accelerometer-derived variables (average daily time in h) | ||||
| Time accelerometer worn | 14.8 (14.5–15.1) | 14.8 (14.6–15.1) | 14.8 (14.6–15.0) | 0.840 |
| Sedentary time* | 8.5 (8.2–8.8) | 8.3 (8.1–8.6) | 8.4 (8.2–8.6) | 0.283 |
| Light-intensity activity* | 5.6 (5.3–6.0) | 6.1 (5.8–6.3) | 5.8 (5.7–6.0) | 0.045 |
| Moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity* | 0.7 (0.6–0.8) | 0.5 (0.4–0.5) | 0.6 (0.5–0.6) | <0.001 |
| Moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity by accelerometer and diary* | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.5 (0.5–0.6) | 0.6 (0.6–0.7) | <0.001 |
| Percent time at each activity level while accelerometer worn (%) | ||||
| Sedentary time | 57.2 (54.9–59.5) | 55.9 (54.2–57.6) | 56.6 (55.2–58.0) | 0.328 |
| Light-intensity activity | 23.0 (21.7–24.3) | 24.5 (23.5–25.5) | 23.8 (23.0–34.6) | 0.063 |
| Moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity | 4.5 (4.0–5.1) | 3.2 (2.8–3.6) | 3.9 (3.5–4.2) | <0.001 |
| Moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity by accelerometer and diary | 5.2 (4.5–5.8) | 3.5 (3.1–4.0) | 4.3 (4.0–4.7) | <0.001 |
| Current smokers | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 3 (2) | 0.828 |
| Family history of diabetes | 11 (16) | 28 (26) | 39 (22) | 0.130 |
| University/further education | 44 (66) | 52 (49) | 96 (56) | 0.038 |
| Moderate/heavy alcohol drinkers | 30 (45) | 24 (3) | 54 (31) | 0.007 |
| Full-time employment | 53 (79) | 42 (40) | 95 (55) | <0.001 |
| Household income ≥$1500/week | 35 (52) | 32 (30) | 67 (39) | 0.005 |
Data are means (95% CI) or n (%).
Means adjusted for time accelerometer worn; statistical comparisons are adjusted for age. Sedentary time (<100 counts/min), light-intensity activity (100–1,951 counts/min), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activity (≥1,952 counts/min). IFG, impaired fasting glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.