RRs of Parkinson's disease according to history of type 2 diabetes
| . | Participants (PD case subjects) . | . | Person-years . | . | RR (95% CI)* . | . | Pinteraction . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Without diabetes . | With diabetes . | Without diabetes . | With diabetes . | Without diabetes . | With diabetes . | . | |||
| All participants | 19,431 | 2,410 | 404,923 | 49,031 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.34 (1.01–1.77) | ||||
| Baseline age (years) | ||||||||||
| <55 | 11,684 (149) | 1,247 (12) | 259,924 | 27,489 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.12 (0.61–2.07) | 0.81 | |||
| 55–64 | 5,140 (194) | 790 (26) | 103,743 | 15,937 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.57 (1.04–2.38) | ||||
| ≥65 | 2,607 (155) | 373 (20) | 41,255 | 5,605 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.25 (0.76–2.05) | ||||
| BMI | ||||||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 11,720 (289) | 858 (31) | 246,028 | 17,147 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.88 (1.28–2.77) | 0.04 | |||
| 25 to <30 kg/m2 | 7,097 (191) | 1,247 (25) | 147,109 | 25,713 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.14 (0.75–1.72) | ||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 614 (18) | 305 (2) | 11,786 | 6,171 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.36 (0.08–1.59) | ||||
| Diabetes with complications | 19,431 (498) | 404,923 | ||||||||
| No | 1,475 (33) | 30,981 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.63 (1.14–2.33) | 0.0002 | |||||
| Yes | 935 (25) | 18,050 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.10 (0.74–1.64) | ||||||
| Diabetes duration (years) | 19,432 (498) | 404,931 | ||||||||
| <5 | 562 (22) | 11,048 | 1.00 (ref.) | 7.17 (4.59–11.20) | <0.0001 | |||||
| 5–9 | 631 (14) | 12,945 | 1.00 (ref.) | 2.03 (1.22–3.36) | ||||||
| 10–14 | 482 (7) | 9,921 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.82 (0.42–1.60) | ||||||
| ≥15 | 734 (15) | 15,109 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.73 (0.45–1.18) | ||||||
| Age at onset of diabetes (median) | 19,431 (498) | 404,923 | ||||||||
| ≤63.7 | 1,213 (22) | 24,654 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.18 (0.78–1.79) | <0.0002 | |||||
| >63.7 | 1,197 (36) | 24,377 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.49 (1.04–2.11) | ||||||
| . | Participants (PD case subjects) . | . | Person-years . | . | RR (95% CI)* . | . | Pinteraction . | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| . | Without diabetes . | With diabetes . | Without diabetes . | With diabetes . | Without diabetes . | With diabetes . | . | |||
| All participants | 19,431 | 2,410 | 404,923 | 49,031 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.34 (1.01–1.77) | ||||
| Baseline age (years) | ||||||||||
| <55 | 11,684 (149) | 1,247 (12) | 259,924 | 27,489 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.12 (0.61–2.07) | 0.81 | |||
| 55–64 | 5,140 (194) | 790 (26) | 103,743 | 15,937 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.57 (1.04–2.38) | ||||
| ≥65 | 2,607 (155) | 373 (20) | 41,255 | 5,605 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.25 (0.76–2.05) | ||||
| BMI | ||||||||||
| <25 kg/m2 | 11,720 (289) | 858 (31) | 246,028 | 17,147 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.88 (1.28–2.77) | 0.04 | |||
| 25 to <30 kg/m2 | 7,097 (191) | 1,247 (25) | 147,109 | 25,713 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.14 (0.75–1.72) | ||||
| ≥30 kg/m2 | 614 (18) | 305 (2) | 11,786 | 6,171 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.36 (0.08–1.59) | ||||
| Diabetes with complications | 19,431 (498) | 404,923 | ||||||||
| No | 1,475 (33) | 30,981 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.63 (1.14–2.33) | 0.0002 | |||||
| Yes | 935 (25) | 18,050 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.10 (0.74–1.64) | ||||||
| Diabetes duration (years) | 19,432 (498) | 404,931 | ||||||||
| <5 | 562 (22) | 11,048 | 1.00 (ref.) | 7.17 (4.59–11.20) | <0.0001 | |||||
| 5–9 | 631 (14) | 12,945 | 1.00 (ref.) | 2.03 (1.22–3.36) | ||||||
| 10–14 | 482 (7) | 9,921 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.82 (0.42–1.60) | ||||||
| ≥15 | 734 (15) | 15,109 | 1.00 (ref.) | 0.73 (0.45–1.18) | ||||||
| Age at onset of diabetes (median) | 19,431 (498) | 404,923 | ||||||||
| ≤63.7 | 1,213 (22) | 24,654 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.18 (0.78–1.79) | <0.0002 | |||||
| >63.7 | 1,197 (36) | 24,377 | 1.00 (ref.) | 1.49 (1.04–2.11) | ||||||
Data are n (n) unless otherwise indicated.
Adjusted for the following baseline variables: age (continuous), smoking status (never, past, or current), alcohol use (rarely, weekly, or daily), BMI (<25 kg/m2, ≥25 to <30 kg/m2, or ≥30 kg/m2), physical activity vigorous enough to work up a sweat (>1–3 times/month or ≤1–3 times/month), hypertension (history of treatment or blood pressure >140 systolic or >90 diastolic), and cholesterol levels (history of treatment or total cholesterol >240). PD, Parkinson's disease.