Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics in the two treatment groups
| . | Insulin group (intention to treat) . | OAD group (intention to treat) . | Insulin group (A1C <7.0%) . | OAD group (A1C <7.0%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 25 | 19 | 22 | 8 |
| Age (years) | 57.9 ± 8.5 | 59.6 ± 12.6 | 58.7 ± 16.0 | 56.5 ± 15.9 |
| Sex (male:female) | 19:6 | 13:6 | 17:5 | 5:3 |
| Body weight (kg) | 71.4 ± 10.6 | 71.7 ± 21.3 | 71.2 ± 10.3 | 71.8 ± 23.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.55 ± 4.20 | 28.31 ± 6.20 | 27.69 ± 6.58 | 26.64 ± 8.01 |
| Peak FPG (mg/dl)* | 345.0 ± 82.2 | 329.2 ± 24.0 | 338.6 ± 66.4 | 311.3 ± 94.0 |
| Peak plasma glucose (mg/dl)* | 527.3 ± 163.8 | 483.7 ± 217.2 | 557.4 ± 160.9 | 487.6 ± 142.1 |
| A1C (%) | 11.89 ± 1.91 | 11.33 ± 1.57 | 11.73 ± 1.94 | 11.29 ± 1.46 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.4 ± 13.4 | 130.7 ± 12.9 | 129.2 ± 12.4 | 130.0 ± 15.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.2 ± 10.6 | 78.5 ± 8.1 | 76.1 ± 10.0 | 79.7 ± 11.3 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 193.1 ± 54.8 | 184.7 ± 39.5 | 202.3 ± 56.9 | 197.2 ± 25.0 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 45.9 ± 15.1 | 45.7 ± 12.7 | 44.4 ± 14.2 | 45.7 ± 16.0 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 135 (52–1,234) | 131 (34–1,074) | 135 (52–1,234) | 92 (34–794) |
| Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 14.1 (3.2–293.9) | 17.3 (4.2–626.2) | 15.4 (3.2–293.9) | 17.9 (6.7–418.0) |
| . | Insulin group (intention to treat) . | OAD group (intention to treat) . | Insulin group (A1C <7.0%) . | OAD group (A1C <7.0%) . |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 25 | 19 | 22 | 8 |
| Age (years) | 57.9 ± 8.5 | 59.6 ± 12.6 | 58.7 ± 16.0 | 56.5 ± 15.9 |
| Sex (male:female) | 19:6 | 13:6 | 17:5 | 5:3 |
| Body weight (kg) | 71.4 ± 10.6 | 71.7 ± 21.3 | 71.2 ± 10.3 | 71.8 ± 23.6 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.55 ± 4.20 | 28.31 ± 6.20 | 27.69 ± 6.58 | 26.64 ± 8.01 |
| Peak FPG (mg/dl)* | 345.0 ± 82.2 | 329.2 ± 24.0 | 338.6 ± 66.4 | 311.3 ± 94.0 |
| Peak plasma glucose (mg/dl)* | 527.3 ± 163.8 | 483.7 ± 217.2 | 557.4 ± 160.9 | 487.6 ± 142.1 |
| A1C (%) | 11.89 ± 1.91 | 11.33 ± 1.57 | 11.73 ± 1.94 | 11.29 ± 1.46 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.4 ± 13.4 | 130.7 ± 12.9 | 129.2 ± 12.4 | 130.0 ± 15.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.2 ± 10.6 | 78.5 ± 8.1 | 76.1 ± 10.0 | 79.7 ± 11.3 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 193.1 ± 54.8 | 184.7 ± 39.5 | 202.3 ± 56.9 | 197.2 ± 25.0 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 45.9 ± 15.1 | 45.7 ± 12.7 | 44.4 ± 14.2 | 45.7 ± 16.0 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 135 (52–1,234) | 131 (34–1,074) | 135 (52–1,234) | 92 (34–794) |
| Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 14.1 (3.2–293.9) | 17.3 (4.2–626.2) | 15.4 (3.2–293.9) | 17.9 (6.7–418.0) |
Data are means ± SD or means (range).
Peak FPG and plasma glucose indicate the peak glucose level before randomization. The two right columns revealed those subjects whose A1C level was <7.0%. Since the patients in the OAD group did not achieve the same glycemic target as the insulin group, we therefore only chose those with A1C level <7% to assess β-cell function and insulin resistance.