American Diabetes Association

Table 2—

Measures of glycemia and insulin secretion during OGTT before and after intensive treatment

	Start of study period			End of intervention period
	Insulin group	OAD group	Insulin group	OAD group
n	22	8	22	8
Sex (male:female)	17:5	5:3	17:5	5:3
A1C (%)	11.73 ± 1.94	11.29 ± 1.46	6.15 ± 0.51^*	6.40 ± 0.39^*
HOMA-IR	3.81 ± 1.48	4.33 ± 1.42	4.39 ± 2.85	3.95 ± 3.23
HOMA-β (%)	49.7 ± 19.7	67.0 ± 31.0	111.2 ± 66.7^*^†	69.1 ± 33.5
Glucose AUC (mg · h⁻¹ · dl⁻¹)	639.1 ± 102.7	586.5 ± 120.8	457.5 ± 87.5^*	498.1 ± 107.8^*
Insulin AUC (μU · h⁻¹ · ml⁻¹)	58.3 ± 18.7	66.1 ± 16.9	158.0 ± 71.9^*^†	93.04 ± 44.7^*
Insulin_0–30/Glucose_0–30(μU/mg)	1.30 ± 0.85	1.39 ± 1.22	6.48 ± 5.05^*^†	2.78 ± 1.78^*
Matsuda index	114.9 ± 31.4	108.4 ± 14.2	86.0 ± 25.5	104.3 ± 22.4
ΔInsulin_AUC/ΔGlucose_AUC (μU/mg)	1.17 ± 0.71	1.17 ± 0.71	6.52 ± 4.20^*^†	3.33 ± 2.11^*

	Start of study period			End of intervention period
	Insulin group	OAD group	Insulin group	OAD group
n	22	8	22	8
Sex (male:female)	17:5	5:3	17:5	5:3
A1C (%)	11.73 ± 1.94	11.29 ± 1.46	6.15 ± 0.51^*	6.40 ± 0.39^*
HOMA-IR	3.81 ± 1.48	4.33 ± 1.42	4.39 ± 2.85	3.95 ± 3.23
HOMA-β (%)	49.7 ± 19.7	67.0 ± 31.0	111.2 ± 66.7^*^†	69.1 ± 33.5
Glucose AUC (mg · h⁻¹ · dl⁻¹)	639.1 ± 102.7	586.5 ± 120.8	457.5 ± 87.5^*	498.1 ± 107.8^*
Insulin AUC (μU · h⁻¹ · ml⁻¹)	58.3 ± 18.7	66.1 ± 16.9	158.0 ± 71.9^*^†	93.04 ± 44.7^*
Insulin_0–30/Glucose_0–30(μU/mg)	1.30 ± 0.85	1.39 ± 1.22	6.48 ± 5.05^*^†	2.78 ± 1.78^*
Matsuda index	114.9 ± 31.4	108.4 ± 14.2	86.0 ± 25.5	104.3 ± 22.4
ΔInsulin_AUC/ΔGlucose_AUC (μU/mg)	1.17 ± 0.71	1.17 ± 0.71	6.52 ± 4.20^*^†	3.33 ± 2.11^*

Data are means ± SD. We only chose those patients with A1C level <7.0% to assess β-cell function and insulin sensitivity.

P < 0.05 vs. baseline;

†

P < 0.05 between each group at the end of the study.